



@article {2540,
	title = {Efficient randomness certification by quantum probability estimation},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Research },
	volume = {2},
	year = {2020},
	month = {1/7/2020},
	abstract = {<p>For practical applications of quantum randomness generation, it is important to certify and further produce a fixed block of fresh random bits with as few trials as possible. Consequently, protocols with high finite-data efficiency are preferred. To yield such protocols with respect to quantum side information, we develop quantum probability estimation. Our approach is applicable to device-independent as well as device-dependent scenarios, and it generalizes techniques from previous works [Miller and Shi, SIAM J. Comput. 46, 1304 (2017); Arnon-Friedman et al., Nat. Commun. 9, 459 (2018)]. Quantum probability estimation can adapt to changing experimental conditions, allows stopping the experiment as soon as the prespecified randomness goal is achieved, and can tolerate imperfect knowledge of the input distribution. Moreover, the randomness rate achieved at constant error is asymptotically optimal. For the device-independent scenario, our approach certifies the amount of randomness available in experimental results without first searching for relations between randomness and violations of fixed Bell inequalities. We implement quantum probability estimation for device-independent randomness generation in the CHSH Bell-test configuration, and we show significant improvements in finite-data efficiency, particularly at small Bell violations which are typical in current photonic loophole-free Bell tests.</p>},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013016},
	author = {Yanbao Zhang and Honghao Fu and Emanuel Knill}
}
@article {2329,
	title = {Experimental Low-Latency Device-Independent Quantum Randomness},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett. },
	volume = {124},
	year = {2020},
	month = {12/24/2019},
	abstract = {<p>Applications of randomness such as private key generation and public randomness beacons require small blocks of certified random bits on demand. Device-independent quantum random number generators can produce such random bits, but existing quantum-proof protocols and loophole-free implementations suffer from high latency, requiring many hours to produce any random bits. We demonstrate device-independent quantum randomness generation from a loophole-free Bell test with a more efficient quantum-proof protocol, obtaining multiple blocks of 512 bits with an average experiment time of less than 5 min per block and with certified error bounded by 2\&minus;64\&asymp;5.42\&times;10\&minus;20.</p>},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.010505},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.07786},
	author = {Yanbao Zhang and Lynden K. Shalm and Joshua C. Bienfang and Martin J. Stevens and Michael D. Mazurek and Sae Woo Nam and Carlos Abell{\'a}n and Waldimar Amaya and Morgan W. Mitchell and Honghao Fu and Carl Miller and Alan Mink and Emanuel Knill}
}
