@article {3071, title = {Simulation Complexity of Many-Body Localized Systems}, year = {2022}, month = {5/25/2022}, abstract = {

We use complexity theory to rigorously investigate the difficulty of classically simulating evolution under many-body localized (MBL) Hamiltonians. Using the defining feature that MBL systems have a complete set of quasilocal integrals of motion (LIOMs), we demonstrate a transition in the classical complexity of simulating such systems as a function of evolution time. On one side, we construct a quasipolynomial-time tensor-network-inspired algorithm for strong simulation of 1D MBL systems (i.e., calculating the expectation value of arbitrary products of local observables) evolved for any time polynomial in the system size. On the other side, we prove that even weak simulation, i.e. sampling, becomes formally hard after an exponentially long evolution time, assuming widely believed conjectures in complexity theory. Finally, using the consequences of our classical simulation results, we also show that the quantum circuit complexity for MBL systems is sublinear in evolution time. This result is a counterpart to a recent proof that the complexity of random quantum circuits grows linearly in time.\ 

}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.12967}, author = {Adam Ehrenberg and Abhinav Deshpande and Christopher L. Baldwin and Dmitry A. Abanin and Alexey V. Gorshkov} } @article {3008, title = {Spectral Form Factor of a Quantum Spin Glass}, year = {2022}, month = {4/4/2022}, abstract = {

It is widely expected that systems which fully thermalize are chaotic in the sense of exhibiting random-matrix statistics of their energy level spacings, whereas integrable systems exhibit Poissonian statistics. In this paper, we investigate a third class: spin glasses. These systems are partially chaotic but do not achieve full thermalization due to large free energy barriers. We examine the level spacing statistics of a canonical infinite-range quantum spin glass, the quantum p-spherical model, using an analytic path integral approach. We find statistics consistent with a direct sum of independent random matrices, and show that the number of such matrices is equal to the number of distinct metastable configurations -- the exponential of the spin glass \"complexity\" as obtained from the quantum Thouless-Anderson-Palmer equations. We also consider the statistical properties of the complexity itself and identify a set of contributions to the path integral which suggest a Poissonian distribution for the number of metastable configurations. Our results show that level spacing statistics can probe the ergodicity-breaking in quantum spin glasses and provide a way to generalize the notion of spin glass complexity beyond models with a semi-classical limit.

}, keywords = {Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn), FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2203.12753}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.12753}, author = {Winer, Michael and Barney, Richard and Christopher L. Baldwin and Galitski, Victor and Swingle, Brian} } @article {2761, title = {Singularities in nearly-uniform 1D condensates due to quantum diffusion}, year = {2021}, month = {3/10/2021}, abstract = {

Dissipative systems can often exhibit wavelength-dependent loss rates. One prominent example is Rydberg polaritons formed by electromagnetically-induced transparency, which have long been a leading candidate for studying the physics of interacting photons and also hold promise as a platform for quantum information. In this system, dissipation is in the form of quantum diffusion, i.e., proportional to k2 (k being the wavevector) and vanishing at long wavelengths as k\→0. Here, we show that one-dimensional condensates subject to this type of loss are unstable to long-wavelength density fluctuations in an unusual manner: after a prolonged period in which the condensate appears to relax to a uniform state, local depleted regions quickly form and spread ballistically throughout the system. We connect this behavior to the leading-order equation for the nearly-uniform condensate -- a dispersive analogue to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation -- which develops singularities in finite time. Furthermore, we show that the wavefronts of the depleted regions are described by purely dissipative solitons within a pair of hydrodynamic equations, with no counterpart in lossless condensates. We close by discussing conditions under which such singularities and the resulting solitons can be physically realized.

}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.06293}, author = {Christopher L. Baldwin and P. Bienias and Alexey V. Gorshkov and Michael Gullans and M. Maghrebi} } @article {2644, title = {Spin-Mediated Mott Excitons}, year = {2020}, month = {4/22/2020}, abstract = {

Motivated by recent experiments on Mott insulators, in both iridates and ultracold atoms, we theoretically study the effects of magnetic order on the Mott-Hubbard excitons. In particular, we focus on spin-mediated doublon-holon pairing in Hubbard materials. We use several complementary theoretical techniques: mean-field theory to describe the spin degrees of freedom, the self-consistent Born approximation to characterize individual charge excitations across the Hubbard gap, and the Bethe-Salpeter equation to identify bound states of doublons and holons. The binding energy of the Hubbard exciton is found to increase with increasing the N{{\'e}}el order parameter, while the exciton mass decreases. We observe that these trends rely significantly on the retardation of the effective interaction, and require consideration of multiple effects from changing the magnetic order. Our results are consistent with the key qualitative trends observed in recent experiments on iridates. Moreover, the findings could have direct implications on ultracold atom Mott insulators, where the Hubbard model is the exact description of the system and the microscopic degrees of freedom can be directly accessed.\ 

}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10825}, author = {T. -S. Huang and Christopher L. Baldwin and M. Hafezi and V. Galitski} } @article {2579, title = {Studying viral populations with tools from quantum spin chains}, year = {2020}, month = {3/24/2020}, abstract = {

We study Eigen\&$\#$39;s model of quasi-species, characterized by sequences that replicate with a specified fitness and mutate independently at single sites. The evolution of the population vector in time is then closely related to that of quantum spins in imaginary time. We employ multiple perspectives and tools from interacting quantum systems to examine growth and collapse of realistic viral populations, specifically certain HIV proteins. All approaches used, including the simplest perturbation theory, give consistent results.

}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.10668}, author = {Saumya Shivam and Christopher L. Baldwin and John Barton and Mehran Kardar and S. L. Sondhi} }