01763nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260001500187490000600202520123700208100002101445700002601466700002101492700001901513700002401532856003701556 2022 eng d00aTheoretical bounds on data requirements for the ray-based classification0 aTheoretical bounds on data requirements for the raybased classif c02/26/20220 v33 a

The problem of classifying high-dimensional shapes in real-world data grows in complexity as the dimension of the space increases. For the case of identifying convex shapes of different geometries, a new classification framework has recently been proposed in which the intersections of a set of one-dimensional representations, called rays, with the boundaries of the shape are used to identify the specific geometry. This ray-based classification (RBC) has been empirically verified using a synthetic dataset of two- and three-dimensional shapes [1] and, more recently, has also been validated experimentally [2]. Here, we establish a bound on the number of rays necessary for shape classification, defined by key angular metrics, for arbitrary convex shapes. For two dimensions, we derive a lower bound on the number of rays in terms of the shape's length, diameter, and exterior angles. For convex polytopes in R^N, we generalize this result to a similar bound given as a function of the dihedral angle and the geometrical parameters of polygonal faces. This result enables a different approach for estimating high-dimensional shapes using substantially fewer data elements than volumetric or surface-based approaches.

1 aWeber, Brian, J.1 aKalantre, Sandesh, S.1 aMcJunkin, Thomas1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aZwolak, Justyna, P. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2103.0957701456nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260001400185300001100199490000600210520101600216100002201232700001901254856003701273 2021 eng d00aCirculation by microwave-induced vortex transport for signal isolation0 aCirculation by microwaveinduced vortex transport for signal isol c6/14/2021 a0303090 v23 a

Magnetic fields break time-reversal symmetry, which is leveraged in many settings to enable the nonreciprocal behavior of light. This is the core physics of circulators and other elements used in a variety of microwave and optical settings. Commercial circulators in the microwave domain typically use ferromagnetic materials and wave interference, requiring large devices and large fields. However, quantum information devices for sensing and computation require small sizes, lower fields, and better on-chip integration. Equivalences to ferromagnetic order---such as the XY model---can be realized at much lower magnetic fields by using arrays of superconducting islands connected by Josephson junctions. Here we show that the quantum-coherent motion of a single vortex in such an array suffices to induce nonreciprocal behavior, enabling a small-scale, moderate-bandwidth, and low insertion loss circulator at very low magnetic fields and at microwave frequencies relevant for experiments with qubits.

1 aRichman, Brittany1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2010.0411801880nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245006100055210006100116260001400177490000600191520140600197100001901603700001301622700001901635700001901654856003701673 2021 eng d a2691-339900aFaster Digital Quantum Simulation by Symmetry Protection0 aFaster Digital Quantum Simulation by Symmetry Protection c2/14/20210 v23 a

Simulating the dynamics of quantum systems is an important application of quantum computers and has seen a variety of implementations on current hardware. We show that by introducing quantum gates implementing unitary transformations generated by the symmetries of the system, one can induce destructive interference between the errors from different steps of the simulation, effectively giving faster quantum simulation by symmetry protection. We derive rigorous bounds on the error of a symmetry-protected simulation algorithm and identify conditions for optimal symmetry protection. In particular, when the symmetry transformations are chosen as powers of a unitary, the error of the algorithm is approximately projected to the so-called quantum Zeno subspaces. We prove a bound on this approximation error, exponentially improving a recent result of Burgarth, Facchi, Gramegna, and Pascazio. We apply our technique to the simulations of the XXZ Heisenberg interactions with local disorder and the Schwinger model in quantum field theory. For both systems, our algorithm can reduce the simulation error by several orders of magnitude over the unprotected simulation. Finally, we provide numerical evidence suggesting that our technique can also protect simulation against other types of coherent, temporally correlated errors, such as the 1/f noise commonly found in solid-state experiments.

1 aTran, Minh, C.1 aSu, Yuan1 aCarney, Daniel1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2006.1624802275nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260001500182490000600197520168200203100002401885700002101909700002601930700002301956700002301979700002302002700001902025856003702044 2021 eng d00aRay-based framework for state identification in quantum dot devices0 aRaybased framework for state identification in quantum dot devic c06/17/20210 v23 a

Quantum dots (QDs) defined with electrostatic gates are a leading platform for a scalable quantum computing implementation. However, with increasing numbers of qubits, the complexity of the control parameter space also grows. Traditional measurement techniques, relying on complete or near-complete exploration via two-parameter scans (images) of the device response, quickly become impractical with increasing numbers of gates. Here, we propose to circumvent this challenge by introducing a measurement technique relying on one-dimensional projections of the device response in the multi-dimensional parameter space. Dubbed as the ray-based classification (RBC) framework, we use this machine learning (ML) approach to implement a classifier for QD states, enabling automated recognition of qubit-relevant parameter regimes. We show that RBC surpasses the 82 % accuracy benchmark from the experimental implementation of image-based classification techniques from prior work while cutting down the number of measurement points needed by up to 70 %. The reduction in measurement cost is a significant gain for time-intensive QD measurements and is a step forward towards the scalability of these devices. We also discuss how the RBC-based optimizer, which tunes the device to a multi-qubit regime, performs when tuning in the two- and three-dimensional parameter spaces defined by plunger and barrier gates that control the dots. This work provides experimental validation of both efficient state identification and optimization with ML techniques for non-traditional measurements in quantum systems with high-dimensional parameter spaces and time-intensive measurements.

1 aZwolak, Justyna, P.1 aMcJunkin, Thomas1 aKalantre, Sandesh, S.1 aNeyens, Samuel, F.1 aMacQuarrie, E., R.1 aEriksson, Mark, A.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2102.1178401337nas a2200157 4500008004100000245005300041210005300094260001300147490000800160520089300168100001901061700002201080700002101102700001901123856003701142 2021 eng d00aTrapped electrons and ions as particle detectors0 aTrapped electrons and ions as particle detectors c8/5/20210 v1273 a

Electrons and ions trapped with electromagnetic fields have long served as important high-precision metrological instruments, and more recently have also been proposed as a platform for quantum information processing. Here we point out that these systems can also be used as highly sensitive detectors of passing charged particles, due to the combination of their extreme charge-to-mass ratio and low-noise quantum readout and control. In particular, these systems can be used to detect energy depositions many orders of magnitude below typical ionization scales. As an illustration, we show that current devices can be used to provide competitive sensitivity to models where ambient dark matter particles carry small electric millicharges ≪e. Our calculations may also be useful in the characterization of noise in quantum computers coming from backgrounds of charged particles.

1 aCarney, Daniel1 aHäffner, Hartmut1 aMoore, David, C.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2104.0573701048nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006900124260001400193300001100207490000700218520051000225100001900735700001600754700001400770700001900784700001400803856003700817 2021 eng d a1367-263000aUltralight dark matter detection with mechanical quantum sensors0 aUltralight dark matter detection with mechanical quantum sensors c3/10/2021 a0230410 v233 a

We consider the use of quantum-limited mechanical force sensors to detect ultralight (sub-meV) dark matter candidates which are weakly coupled to the standard model. We show that mechanical sensors with masses around or below the milligram scale, operating around the standard quantum limit, would enable novel searches for dark matter with natural frequencies around the kHz scale. This would complement existing strategies based on torsion balances, atom interferometers, and atomic clock systems

1 aCarney, Daniel1 aHook, Anson1 aLiu, Zhen1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aZhao, Yue uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1908.0479702481nas a2200229 4500008004100000245006800041210006700109260001300176490000700189520180000196100002401996700002102020700002602041700001902067700002302086700001902109700002002128700002402148700002302172700001902195856003702214 2020 eng d00aAuto-tuning of double dot devices in situ with machine learning0 aAutotuning of double dot devices in situ with machine learning c4/1/20200 v133 a

There are myriad quantum computing approaches, each having its own set of challenges to understand and effectively control their operation. Electrons confined in arrays of semiconductor nanostructures, called quantum dots (QDs), is one such approach. The easy access to control parameters, fast measurements, long qubit lifetimes, and the potential for scalability make QDs especially attractive. However, as the size of the QD array grows, so does the number of parameters needed for control and thus the tuning complexity. The current practice of manually tuning the qubits is a relatively time-consuming procedure and is inherently impractical for scaling up and applications. In this work, we report on the in situ implementation of an auto-tuning protocol proposed by Kalantre et al. [arXiv:1712.04914]. In particular, we discuss how to establish a seamless communication protocol between a machine learning (ML)-based auto-tuner and the experimental apparatus. We then show that a ML algorithm trained exclusively on synthetic data coming from a physical model to quantitatively classify the state of the QD device, combined with an optimization routine, can be used to replace manual tuning of gate voltages in devices. A success rate of over 85 % is determined for tuning to a double quantum dot regime when at least one of the plunger gates is initiated sufficiently close to the desired state. Modifications to the training network, fitness function, and optimizer are discussed as a path towards further improvement in the success rate when starting both near and far detuned from the target double dot range.

1 aZwolak, Justyna, P.1 aMcJunkin, Thomas1 aKalantre, Sandesh, S.1 aDodson, J., P.1 aMacQuarrie, E., R.1 aSavage, D., E.1 aLagally, M., G.1 aCoppersmith, S., N.1 aEriksson, Mark, A.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1909.0803001337nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117260001400186490000800200520085400208100001901062700001901081700001901100700001901119856004101138 2020 eng d00aBack-action evading impulse measurement with mechanical quantum sensors0 aBackaction evading impulse measurement with mechanical quantum s c8/28/20200 v1023 a

The quantum measurement of any observable naturally leads to noise added by the act of measurement. Approaches to evade or reduce this noise can lead to substantial improvements in a wide variety of sensors, from laser interferometers to precision magnetometers and more. In this paper, we develop a measurement protocol based upon pioneering work by the gravitational wave community which allows for reduction of added noise from measurement by coupling an optical field to the momentum of a small mirror. As a specific implementation, we present a continuous measurement protocol using a double-ring optomechanical cavity. We demonstrate that with experimentally-relevant parameters, this protocol can lead to significant back-action noise evasion, yielding measurement noise below the standard quantum limit over many decades of frequency.

1 aGhosh, Sohitri1 aCarney, Daniel1 aShawhan, Peter1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.11892.pdf01216nas a2200157 4500008004100000245005000041210005000091260001500141490000800156520078000164100001900944700001900963700002000982700001901002856003701021 2020 eng d00aGravitational Direct Detection of Dark Matter0 aGravitational Direct Detection of Dark Matter c10/13/20200 v1023 a

The only coupling dark matter is guaranteed to have with the standard model is through gravity. Here we propose a concept for direct dark matter detection using only this gravitational coupling, enabling a new regime of detection. Leveraging dramatic advances in the ability to create, maintain, and probe quantum states of massive objects, we suggest that an array of quantum-limited impulse sensors may be capable of detecting the correlated gravitational force created by a passing dark matter particle. We present two concrete realizations of this scheme, using either mechanical resonators or freely-falling masses. With currently available technology, a meter-scale apparatus of this type could detect any dark matter candidate around the Planck mass or heavier.

1 aCarney, Daniel1 aGhosh, Sohitri1 aKrnjaic, Gordan1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1903.0049202026nas a2200517 4500008004100000245006100041210006100102260001400163520075200177100001500929700001600944700001800960700001800978700001300996700001401009700001701023700001601040700001401056700001701070700001501087700001401102700002201116700001301138700001701151700001801168700001701186700001101203700001201214700001201226700001501238700001601253700001501269700001801284700001401302700001701316700001401333700001901347700001401366700001401380700001401394700001901408700001201427700001901439700001301458856003701471 2020 eng d00aMechanical Quantum Sensing in the Search for Dark Matter0 aMechanical Quantum Sensing in the Search for Dark Matter c8/13/20203 a

Numerous astrophysical and cosmological observations are best explained by the existence of dark matter, a mass density which interacts only very weakly with visible, baryonic matter. Searching for the extremely weak signals produced by this dark matter strongly motivate the development of new, ultra-sensitive detector technologies. Paradigmatic advances in the control and readout of massive mechanical systems, in both the classical and quantum regimes, have enabled unprecedented levels of sensitivity. In this white paper, we outline recent ideas in the potential use of a range of solid-state mechanical sensing technologies to aid in the search for dark matter in a number of energy scales and with a variety of coupling mechanisms.

1 aCarney, D.1 aKrnjaic, G.1 aMoore, D., C.1 aRegal, C., A.1 aAfek, G.1 aBhave, S.1 aBrubaker, B.1 aCorbitt, T.1 aCripe, J.1 aCrisosto, N.1 a.Geraci, A1 aGhosh, S.1 aHarris, J., G. E.1 aHook, A.1 aKolb, E., W.1 aKunjummen, J.1 aLang, R., F.1 aLi, T.1 aLin, T.1 aLiu, Z.1 aLykken, J.1 aMagrini, L.1 aManley, J.1 aMatsumoto, N.1 aMonte, A.1 aMonteiro, F.1 aPurdy, T.1 aRiedel, C., J.1 aSingh, R.1 aSingh, S.1 aSinha, K.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aQin, J.1 aWilson, D., J.1 aZhao, Y. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2008.0607401590nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121260001400190520115200204100002501356700001901381700001901400856003701419 2020 eng d00aOptimal Two-Qubit Circuits for Universal Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation0 aOptimal TwoQubit Circuits for Universal FaultTolerant Quantum Co c1/16/20203 a

We study two-qubit circuits over the Clifford+CS gate set which consists of Clifford gates together with the controlled-phase gate CS=diag(1,1,1,i). The Clifford+CS gate set is universal for quantum computation and its elements can be implemented fault-tolerantly in most error-correcting schemes with magic state distillation. However, since non-Clifford gates are typically more expensive to perform in a fault-tolerant manner, it is desirable to construct circuits that use few CS gates. In the present paper, we introduce an algorithm to construct optimal circuits for two-qubit Clifford+CS operators. Our algorithm inputs a Clifford+CS operator U and efficiently produces a Clifford+CS circuit for U using the least possible number of CS gates. Because our algorithm is deterministic, the circuit it associates to a Clifford+CS operator can be viewed as a normal form for the operator. We give a formal description of these normal forms as walks over certain graphs and use this description to derive an asymptotic lower bound of 5log(1/epsilon)+O(1) on the number CS gates required to epsilon-approximate any 4x4 unitary matrix. 

1 aGlaudell, Andrew, N.1 aRoss, Neil, J.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2001.0599702249nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260001500189520179100204100002401995700001902019700001902038856005802057 2020 eng d00aPosition Space Decoherence From Long-Range Interaction With Background Gas0 aPosition Space Decoherence From LongRange Interaction With Backg c06/05/20203 a

 Experiments in matter wave interferometry and optomechanics are increasing the spatial extent of wavefunctions of massive quantum systems; this gives rise to new sources of decoherence that must be characterized. Here we calculate the position space decoherence of a quantum particle due to interaction with a fluctuating classical background gas for several different force laws. We begin with the calculation of this effect for the Newton potential. To our knowledge, this calculation has not been done before. We then solve the same problem in the case of a Yukawa interaction, which interpolates between our long-range force result and the well-studied formula for collisional decoherence from a contact interaction. Unlike the contact interaction case, where the decoherence rate becomes independent of distance for large quantum particle separations, we observe that a long-range interaction leads to quadratic scaling of the decoherence rate with distance even at large separations. This work is relevant to the generation of massive superposition in optomechanical and atom beam experiments, and to conclude we comment on the use of this decoherence signal for gravitational detection of dark matter. 

1 aKunjummen, Jonathan1 aCarney, Daniel1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/DAMOP20/Session/S08.501854nas a2200193 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129260001400198520128100212100001501493700001701508700001501525700001601540700001701556700001401573700001901587700001701606856003701623 2020 eng d00aProbing XY phase transitions in a Josephson junction array with tunable frustration0 aProbing XY phase transitions in a Josephson junction array with  c1/22/20203 a

The seminal theoretical works of Berezinskii, Kosterlitz, and Thouless presented a new paradigm for phase transitions in condensed matter that are driven by topological excitations. These transitions have been extensively studied in the context of two-dimensional XY models -- coupled compasses -- and have generated interest in the context of quantum simulation. Here, we use a circuit quantum-electrodynamics architecture to study the critical behavior of engineered XY models through their dynamical response. In particular, we examine not only the unfrustrated case but also the fully-frustrated case which leads to enhanced degeneracy associated with the spin rotational [U(1)] and discrete chiral (Z2) symmetries. The nature of the transition in the frustrated case has posed a challenge for theoretical studies while direct experimental probes remain elusive. Here we identify the transition temperatures for both the unfrustrated and fully-frustrated XY models by probing a Josephson junction array close to equilibrium using weak microwave excitations and measuring the temperature dependence of the effective damping obtained from the complex reflection coefficient. We argue that our probing technique is primarily sensitive to the dynamics of the U(1) part.

1 aCosmic, R.1 aKawabata, K.1 aAshida, Y.1 aIkegami, H.1 aFurukawa, S.1 aPatil, P.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aNakamura, Y. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2001.0787701423nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006500041210006300106260001400169520093400183100002401117700002601141700002101167700002101188700001901209856003701228 2020 eng d00aRay-based classification framework for high-dimensional data0 aRaybased classification framework for highdimensional data c10/1/20203 a

While classification of arbitrary structures in high dimensions may require complete quantitative information, for simple geometrical structures, low-dimensional qualitative information about the boundaries defining the structures can suffice. Rather than using dense, multi-dimensional data, we propose a deep neural network (DNN) classification framework that utilizes a minimal collection of one-dimensional representations, called \emph{rays}, to construct the "fingerprint" of the structure(s) based on substantially reduced information. We empirically study this framework using a synthetic dataset of double and triple quantum dot devices and apply it to the classification problem of identifying the device state. We show that the performance of the ray-based classifier is already on par with traditional 2D images for low dimensional systems, while significantly cutting down the data acquisition cost.

1 aZwolak, Justyna, P.1 aKalantre, Sandesh, S.1 aMcJunkin, Thomas1 aWeber, Brian, J.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2010.0050001240nas a2200145 4500008004100000245006500041210006400106260001500170520080100185100001800986700001601004700001801020700001901038856003701057 2019 eng d00aBeyond Spontaneous Emission: Giant Atom Bounded in Continuum0 aBeyond Spontaneous Emission Giant Atom Bounded in Continuum c12/20/20193 a

The quantum coupling of individual superconducting qubits to microwave photons leads to remarkable experimental opportunities. Here we consider the phononic case where the qubit is coupled to an electromagnetic surface acoustic wave antenna that enables supersonic propagation of the qubit oscillations. This can be considered as a giant atom that is many phonon wavelengths long. We study an exactly solvable toy model that captures these effects, and find that this non-Markovian giant atom has a suppressed relaxation, as well as an effective vacuum coupling between a qubit excitation and a localized wave packet of sound, even in the absence of a cavity for the sound waves. Finally, we consider practical implementations of these ideas in current surface acoustic wave devices. 

1 aGuo, Shangjie1 aWang, Yidan1 aPurdy, Thomas1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1912.0998001389nas a2200157 4500008004100000245005900041210005700100260001400157300001000171490000800181520094200189100002501131700001901156700001901175856003701194 2019 eng d00aCanonical forms for single-qutrit Clifford+T operators0 aCanonical forms for singlequtrit CliffordT operators c8/19/2019 a54-700 v4063 a

We introduce canonical forms for single qutrit Clifford+T circuits and prove that every single-qutrit Clifford+T operator admits a unique such canonical form. We show that our canonical forms are T-optimal in the sense that among all the single-qutrit Clifford+T circuits implementing a given operator our canonical form uses the least number of T gates. Finally, we provide an algorithm which inputs the description of an operator (as a matrix or a circuit) and constructs the canonical form for this operator. The algorithm runs in time linear in the number of T gates. Our results provide a higher-dimensional generalization of prior work by Matsumoto and Amano who introduced similar canonical forms for single-qubit Clifford+T circuits. 

1 aGlaudell, Andrew, N.1 aRoss, Neil, J.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1803.0504702574nas a2200313 4500008004100000245006200041210006200103260001500165520165200180100002401832700002201856700002001878700002201898700002001920700002701940700002201967700002401989700001802013700002102031700002102052700001702073700003102090700001902121700002002140700001902160700002302179700002102202856003702223 2019 eng d00aQuantum Computing at the Frontiers of Biological Sciences0 aQuantum Computing at the Frontiers of Biological Sciences c2019/11/163 a

The search for meaningful structure in biological data has relied on cutting-edge advances in computational technology and data science methods. However, challenges arise as we push the limits of scale and complexity in biological problems. Innovation in massively parallel, classical computing hardware and algorithms continues to address many of these challenges, but there is a need to simultaneously consider new paradigms to circumvent current barriers to processing speed. Accordingly, we articulate a view towards quantum computation and quantum information science, where algorithms have demonstrated potential polynomial and exponential computational speedups in certain applications, such as machine learning. The maturation of the field of quantum computing, in hardware and algorithm development, also coincides with the growth of several collaborative efforts to address questions across length and time scales, and scientific disciplines. We use this coincidence to explore the potential for quantum computing to aid in one such endeavor: the merging of insights from genetics, genomics, neuroimaging and behavioral phenotyping. By examining joint opportunities for computational innovation across fields, we highlight the need for a common language between biological data analysis and quantum computing. Ultimately, we consider current and future prospects for the employment of quantum computing algorithms in the biological sciences. 

1 aEmani, Prashant, S.1 aWarrell, Jonathan1 aAnticevic, Alan1 aBekiranov, Stefan1 aGandal, Michael1 aMcConnell, Michael, J.1 aSapiro, Guillermo1 aAspuru-Guzik, Alán1 aBaker, Justin1 aBastiani, Matteo1 aMcClure, Patrick1 aMurray, John1 aSotiropoulos, Stamatios, N1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aSenthil, Geetha1 aLehner, Thomas1 aGerstein, Mark, B.1 aHarrow, Aram, W. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1911.0712701252nas a2200133 4500008004100000245006000041210005600101260001500157520084400172100002201016700002401038700001901062856003701081 2018 eng d00aAn autonomous single-piston engine with a quantum rotor0 aautonomous singlepiston engine with a quantum rotor c2018/02/153 a

Pistons are elementary components of a wide variety of thermal engines, converting input fuel into rotational motion. Here, we propose a single-piston engine where the rotational degree of freedom is effectively realized by the flux of a superconducting island -- a quantum rotor -- while the working volume corresponds to the effective length of a superconducting resonator. Our autonomous design implements a Carnot cycle, relies solely on standard thermal baths and can be implemented with circuit quantum electrodynamics. We demonstrate how the piston is able to extract a net positive work via its built-in synchronicity using a filter cavity as an effective valve, eliminating the need for external control.

1 aRoulet, Alexandre1 aNimmrichter, Stefan1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1802.0548601515nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006500041210006500106260001500171520113200186100001901318700001901337856003701356 2018 eng d00aBlind quantum computation using the central spin Hamiltonian0 aBlind quantum computation using the central spin Hamiltonian c2018/01/113 a

Blindness is a desirable feature in delegated computation. In the classical setting, blind computations protect the data or even the program run by a server. In the quantum regime, blind computing may also enable testing computational or other quantum properties of the server system. Here we propose a scheme for universal blind quantum computation using a quantum simulator capable of emulating Heisenberg-like Hamiltonians. Our scheme is inspired by the central spin Hamiltonian in which a single spin controls dynamics of a number of bath spins. We show how, by manipulating this spin, a client that only accesses the central spin can effectively perform blind computation on the bath spins. Remarkably, two-way quantum communication mediated by the central spin is sufficient to ensure security in the scheme. Finally, we provide explicit examples of how our universal blind quantum computation enables verification of the power of the server from classical to stabilizer to full BQP computation.

1 aTran, Minh, C.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1801.0400601390nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113520091900182100002201101700002101123700001801144700002601162700001901188856003701207 2018 eng d00aBose Condensation of Photons Thermalized via Laser Cooling of Atoms0 aBose Condensation of Photons Thermalized via Laser Cooling of At3 a

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a quantum phase of matter achieved at low temperatures. Photons, one of the most prominent species of bosons, do not typically condense due to the lack of a particle number-conservation. We recently described a photon thermalization mechanism which gives rise to a grand canonical ensemble of light with effective photon number conservation between a subsystem and a particle reservoir. This mechanism occurs during Doppler laser cooling of atoms where the atoms serve as a temperature reservoir while the cooling laser photons serve as a particle reservoir. Here we address the question of the possibility of a BEC of photons in this laser cooling photon thermalization scenario and theoretically demonstrate that a Bose condensation of photons can be realized by cooling an ensemble of two-level atoms (realizable with alkaline earth atoms) inside a Fabry-Perot cavity.

1 aWang, Chiao-Hsuan1 aGullans, Michael1 aPorto, J., V.1 aPhillips, William, D.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1809.0777701718nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129260001500198520118200213100001501395700002001410700001701430700002201447700001901469700002301488856003701511 2018 eng d00aCircuit QED-based measurement of vortex lattice order in a Josephson junction array0 aCircuit QEDbased measurement of vortex lattice order in a Joseph c2018/03/123 a

Superconductivity provides a canonical example of a quantum phase of matter. When superconducting islands are connected by Josephson junctions in a lattice, the low temperature state of the system can map to the celebrated XY model and its associated universality classes. This has been used to experimentally implement realizations of Mott insulator and Berezinskii--Kosterlitz--Thouless (BKT) transitions to vortex dynamics analogous to those in type-II superconductors. When an external magnetic field is added, the effective spins of the XY model become frustrated, leading to the formation of topological defects (vortices). Here we observe the many-body dynamics of such an array, including frustration, via its coupling to a superconducting microwave cavity. We take the design of the transmon qubit, but replace the single junction between two antenna pads with the complete array. This allows us to probe the system at 10 mK with minimal self-heating by using weak coherent states at the single (microwave) photon level to probe the resonance frequency of the cavity. We observe signatures of ordered vortex lattice at rational flux fillings of the array. 

1 aCosmic, R.1 aIkegami, Hiroki1 aLin, Zhirong1 aInomata, Kunihiro1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aNakamura, Yasunobu uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1803.0411301523nas a2200205 4500008004100000245004800041210004500089260001500134300001200149490000800161520099800169100001101167700001501178700001301193700001801206700001901224700001901243700001801262856003701280 2018 eng d00aA Coherent Spin-Photon Interface in Silicon0 aCoherent SpinPhoton Interface in Silicon c2018/03/29 a599-6030 v5553 a

Electron spins in silicon quantum dots are attractive systems for quantum computing due to their long coherence times and the promise of rapid scaling using semiconductor fabrication techniques. While nearest neighbor exchange coupling of two spins has been demonstrated, the interaction of spins via microwave frequency photons could enable long distance spin-spin coupling and "all-to-all" qubit connectivity. Here we demonstrate strong-coupling between a single spin in silicon and a microwave frequency photon with spin-photon coupling rates g_s/(2π) > 10 MHz. The mechanism enabling coherent spin-photon interactions is based on spin-charge hybridization in the presence of a magnetic field gradient. In addition to spin-photon coupling, we demonstrate coherent control of a single spin in the device and quantum non-demolition spin state readout using cavity photons. These results open a direct path toward entangling single spins using microwave frequency photons.

1 aMi, X.1 aBenito, M.1 aPutz, S.1 aZajac, D., M.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aBurkard, Guido1 aPetta, J., R. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1710.0326501974nas a2200181 4500008004100000245005000041210004800091260001500139520145800154100001101612700001501623700001301638700001801651700001901669700001901688700001801707856006701725 2018 eng d00aA coherent spin–photon interface in silicon0 acoherent spin–photon interface in silicon c2018/02/143 a

Electron spins in silicon quantum dots are attractive systems for quantum computing owing to their long coherence times and the promise of rapid scaling of the number of dots in a system using semiconductor fabrication techniques. Although nearest-neighbour exchange coupling of two spins has been demonstrated, the interaction of spins via microwave-frequency photons could enable long-distance spin–spin coupling and connections between arbitrary pairs of qubits (‘all-to-all’ connectivity) in a spin-based quantum processor. Realizing coherent spin–photon coupling is challenging because of the small magnetic-dipole moment of a single spin, which limits magnetic-dipole coupling rates to less than 1 kilohertz. Here we demonstrate strong coupling between a single spin in silicon and a single microwave-frequency photon, with spin–photon coupling rates of more than 10 megahertz. The mechanism that enables the coherent spin–photon interactions is based on spin–charge hybridization in the presence of a magnetic-field gradient. In addition to spin–photon coupling, we demonstrate coherent control and dispersive readout of a single spin. These results open up a direct path to entangling single spins using microwave-frequency photons.

1 aMi, X.1 aBenito, M.1 aPutz, S.1 aZajac, D., M.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aBurkard, Guido1 aPetta, J., R. uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/nature25769#author-information01943nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119520154200188100001801730700001901748700001701767856003701784 2018 eng d00aDynamic suppression of Rayleigh light scattering in dielectric resonators0 aDynamic suppression of Rayleigh light scattering in dielectric r3 a

The ultimate limits of performance for any classical optical system are set by sub-wavelength fluctuations within the host material, that may be frozen-in or even dynamically induced. The most common manifestation of such sub-wavelength disorder is Rayleigh light scattering, which is observed in nearly all wave-guiding technologies today and can lead to both irreversible radiative losses as well as undesirable intermodal coupling. While it has been shown that backscattering from disorder can be suppressed by breaking time-reversal symmetry in magneto-optic and topological insulator materials, common optical dielectrics possess neither of these properties. Here we demonstrate an optomechanical approach for dynamically suppressing Rayleigh backscattering within dielectric resonators. We achieve this by locally breaking time-reversal symmetry in a silica resonator through a Brillouin scattering interaction that is available in all materials. Near-complete suppression of Rayleigh backscattering is experimentally confirmed through three independent measurements -- the reduction of the back-reflections caused by scatterers, the elimination of a commonly seen normal-mode splitting effect, and by measurement of the reduction in intrinsic optical loss. More broadly, our results provide new evidence that it is possible to dynamically suppress Rayleigh backscattering within any optical dielectric medium, for achieving robust light propagation in nanophotonic devices in spite of the presence of scatterers or defects.

1 aKim, Seunghwi1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aBahl, Gaurav uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1803.0236601662nas a2200217 4500008004100000245004200041210004000083260001500123300001200138490000600150520105500156100002101211700002201232700002101254700002201275700002301297700001601320700001901336700001601355856007301371 2018 eng d00aElectro-mechano-optical NMR detection0 aElectromechanooptical NMR detection c2018/02/01 a152-1580 v53 a

Signal reception of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) usually relies on electrical amplification of the electromotive force caused by nuclear induction. Here, we report up-conversion of a radio-frequency NMR signal to an optical regime using a high-stress silicon nitride membrane that interfaces the electrical detection circuit and an optical cavity through the electro-mechanical and the opto-mechanical couplings. This enables optical NMR detection without sacrificing the versatility of the traditional nuclear induction approach. While the signal-to-noise ratio is currently limited by the Brownian motion of the membrane as well as additional technical noise, we find it can exceed that of the conventional electrical schemes by increasing the electro-mechanical coupling strength. The electro-mechano-optical NMR detection presented here can even be combined with the laser cooling technique applied to nuclear spins.

1 aTakeda, Kazuyuki1 aNagasaka, Kentaro1 aNoguchi, Atsushi1 aYamazaki, Rekishu1 aNakamura, Yasunobu1 aIwase, Eiji1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aUsami, Koji uhttps://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-5-2-15202284nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260001500182520181800197100001802015700002302033700001902056700002602075856003702101 2018 eng d00aElectro-optomechanical equivalent circuits for quantum transduction0 aElectrooptomechanical equivalent circuits for quantum transducti c2018/10/153 a

Using the techniques of optomechanics, a high-Q mechanical oscillator may serve as a link between electromagnetic modes of vastly different frequencies. This approach has successfully been exploited for the frequency conversion of classical signals and has the potential of performing quantum state transfer between superconducting circuitry and a traveling optical signal. Such transducers are often operated in a linear regime, where the hybrid system can be described using linear response theory based on the Heisenberg-Langevin equations. While mathematically straightforward to solve, this approach yields little intuition about the dynamics of the hybrid system to aid the optimization of the transducer. As an analysis and design tool for such electro-optomechanical transducers, we introduce an equivalent circuit formalism, where the entire transducer is represented by an electrical circuit. Thereby we integrate the transduction functionality of optomechanical (OM) systems into the toolbox of electrical engineering allowing the use of its well-established design techniques. This unifying impedance description can be applied both for static (DC) and harmonically varying (AC) drive fields, accommodates arbitrary linear circuits, and is not restricted to the resolved-sideband regime. Furthermore, by establishing the quantized input/output formalism for the equivalent circuit, we obtain the scattering matrix for linear transducers using circuit analysis, and thereby have a complete quantum mechanical characterization of the transducer. Hence, this mapping of the entire transducer to the language of electrical engineering both sheds light on how the transducer performs and can at the same time be used to optimize its performance by aiding the design of a suitable electrical circuit.

1 aZeuthen, Emil1 aSchliesser, Albert1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aSørensen, Anders, S. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1710.1013602685nas a2200205 4500008004100000245006300041210006100104260001500165300001100180490000700191520207900198100002102277700001802298700002202316700001602338700001902354700001802373700001902391856006902410 2018 eng d00aHigh-fidelity quantum gates in Si/SiGe double quantum dots0 aHighfidelity quantum gates in SiSiGe double quantum dots c2018/02/15 a0854210 v973 a

Motivated by recent experiments of Zajac et al. [Science 359, 439 (2018)], we theoretically describe high-fidelity two-qubit gates using the exchange interaction between the spins in neighboring quantum dots subject to a magnetic field gradient. We use a combination of analytical calculations and numerical simulations to provide the optimal pulse sequences and parameter settings for the gate operation. We present a synchronization method which avoids detrimental spin flips during the gate operation and provide details about phase mismatches accumulated during the two-qubit gates which occur due to residual exchange interaction, nonadiabatic pulses, and off-resonant driving. By adjusting the gate times, synchronizing the resonant and off-resonant transitions, and compensating these phase mismatches by phase control, the overall gate fidelity can be increased significantly.

1 aRuss, Maximilian1 aZajac, D., M.1 aSigillito, A., J.1 aBorjans, F.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aPetta, J., R.1 aBurkard, Guido uhttps://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.08542101354nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001500201520093800216100002201154700001901176856003701195 2018 eng d00aOptomechanical approach to controlling the temperature and chemical potential of light0 aOptomechanical approach to controlling the temperature and chemi c2018/05/183 a

Massless particles, including photons, are not conserved even at low energies and thus have no chemical potential. However, in driven systems, near equilibrium dynamics can lead to equilibration of photons with a finite number, describable using an effective chemical potential. Here we build upon this general concept with an implementation appropriate for a nonlinear photon-based quantum simulator. We consider how laser cooling of a well-isolated mechanical mode can provide an effective low-frequency bath for the quantum simulator system. We show that the use of auxiliary photon modes, coupled by the mechanical system, enables control of both the chemical potential, by drive frequency, and temperature, by drive amplitude, of the resulting photonic quantum simulator's grand canonical ensemble.

1 aWang, Chiao-Hsuan1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1706.0078901932nas a2200157 4500008004100000245005300041210005300094260000900147520147500156100002201631700002101653700001801674700002601692700001901718856003701737 2018 eng d00aPhoton thermalization via laser cooling of atoms0 aPhoton thermalization via laser cooling of atoms c20183 a

Laser cooling of atomic motion enables a wide variety of technological and scientific explorations using cold atoms. Here we focus on the effect of laser cooling on the photons instead of on the atoms. Specifically, we show that non-interacting photons can thermalize with the atoms to a grand canonical ensemble with a non-zero chemical potential. This thermalization is accomplished via scattering of light between different optical modes, mediated by the laser cooling process. While optically thin modes lead to traditional laser cooling of the atoms, the dynamics of multiple scattering in optically thick modes has been more challenging to describe. We find that in an appropriate set of limits, multiple scattering leads to thermalization of the light with the atomic motion in a manner that approximately conserves total photon number between the laser beams and optically thick modes. In this regime, the subsystem corresponding to the thermalized modes is describable by a grand canonical ensemble with a chemical potential set by the energy of a single laser photon. We consider realization of this regime using two-level atoms in Doppler cooling, and find physically realistic conditions for rare earth atoms. With the addition of photon-photon interactions, this system could provide a new platform for exploring many-body physics.

1 aWang, Chiao-Hsuan1 aGullans, Michael1 aPorto, J., V.1 aPhillips, William, D.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1712.0864301748nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260001500219300001100234490000700245520121100252100002101463700001901484700001801503856006901521 2018 eng d00aProbing electron-phonon interactions in the charge-photon dynamics of cavity-coupled double quantum dots0 aProbing electronphonon interactions in the chargephoton dynamics c2018/01/16 a0353050 v973 a

Electron-phonon coupling is known to play an important role in the charge dynamics of semiconductor quantum dots. Here we explore its role in the combined charge-photon dynamics of cavity-coupled double quantum dots. Previous work on these systems has shown that strong electron-phonon coupling leads to a large contribution to photoemission and gain from phonon-assisted emission and absorption processes. We compare the effects of this phonon sideband in three commonly investigated gate-defined quantum dot material systems: InAs nanowires and GaAs and Si two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs). We compare our theory with existing experimental data from cavity-coupled InAs nanowire and GaAs 2DEG double quantum dots and find quantitative agreement only when the phonon sideband and photoemission processes during lead tunneling are taken into account. Finally, we show that the phonon sideband also leads to a sizable renormalization of the cavity frequency, which allows for direct spectroscopic probes of the electron-phonon coupling in these systems.

1 aGullans, Michael1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aPetta, J., R. uhttps://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.03530502679nas a2200181 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260000900210300001300219490000700232520211600239100002402355700002602379700001602405700002002421700001902441856003702460 2018 eng d00aQFlow lite dataset: A machine-learning approach to the charge states in quantum dot experiments0 aQFlow lite dataset A machinelearning approach to the charge stat c2018 ae02058440 v133 a

Over the past decade, machine learning techniques have revolutionized how research is done, from designing new materials and predicting their properties to assisting drug discovery to advancing cybersecurity. Recently, we added to this list by showing how a machine learning algorithm (a so-called learner) combined with an optimization routine can assist experimental efforts in the realm of tuning semiconductor quantum dot (QD) devices. Among other applications, semiconductor QDs are a candidate system for building quantum computers. The present-day tuning techniques for bringing the QD devices into a desirable configuration suitable for quantum computing that rely on heuristics do not scale with the increasing size of the quantum dot arrays required for even near-term quantum computing demonstrations. Establishing a reliable protocol for tuning that does not rely on the gross-scale heuristics developed by experimentalists is thus of great importance. To implement the machine learning-based approach, we constructed a dataset of simulated QD device characteristics, such as the conductance and the charge sensor response versus the applied electrostatic gate voltages. Here, we describe the methodology for generating the dataset, as well as its validation in training convolutional neural networks. We show that the learner's accuracy in recognizing the state of a device is ~96.5 % in both current- and charge-sensor-based training. We also introduce a tool that enables other researchers to use this approach for further research: QFlow lite - a Python-based mini-software suite that uses the dataset to train neural networks to recognize the state of a device and differentiate between states in experimental data. This work gives the definitive reference for the new dataset that will help enable researchers to use it in their experiments or to develop new machine learning approaches and concepts

1 aZwolak, Justyna, P.1 aKalantre, Sandesh, S.1 aWu, Xingyao1 aRagole, Stephen1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1809.1001801439nas a2200205 4500008004100000245005100041210005100092260001500143300001200158490000800170520087500178100001801053700002201071700001301093700001601106700001901122700001901141700001801160856005501178 2018 eng d00aResonantly driven CNOT gate for electron spins0 aResonantly driven CNOT gate for electron spins c2018/01/26 a439-4420 v3593 a

Single-qubit rotations and two-qubit CNOT operations are crucial ingredients for universal quantum computing. Although high-fidelity single-qubit operations have been achieved using the electron spin degree of freedom, realizing a robust CNOT gate has been challenging because of rapid nuclear spin dephasing and charge noise. We demonstrate an efficient resonantly driven CNOT gate for electron spins in silicon. Our platform achieves single-qubit rotations with fidelities greater than 99%, as verified by randomized benchmarking. Gate control of the exchange coupling allows a quantum CNOT gate to be implemented with resonant driving in ~200 nanoseconds. We used the CNOT gate to generate a Bell state with 78% fidelity (corrected for errors in state preparation and measurement). Our quantum dot device architecture enables multi-qubit algorithms in silicon.

1 aZajac, D., M.1 aSigillito, A., J.1 aRuss, M.1 aBorjans, F.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aBurkard, Guido1 aPetta, J., R. uhttp://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6374/43901154nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006200041210006000103520076900163100001900932700002500951700001900976856003700995 2018 eng d00aTabletop experiments for quantum gravity: a user's manual0 aTabletop experiments for quantum gravity a users manual3 a

Recent advances in cooling, control, and measurement of mechanical systems in the quantum regime have opened the possibility of the first direct observation of quantum gravity, at scales achievable in experiments. This paper gives a broad overview of this idea, using some matter-wave and optomechanical systems to illustrate the predictions of a variety of models of low-energy quantum gravity. We first review the treatment of perturbatively quantized general relativity as an effective quantum field theory, and consider the particular challenges of observing quantum effects in this framework. We then move on to a variety of alternative models, such as those in which gravity is classical, emergent, or responsible for a breakdown of quantum mechanics.

1 aCarney, Daniel1 aStamp, Philip, C. E.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1807.1149401154nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006200041210006000103520076900163100001900932700002500951700001900976856003700995 2018 eng d00aTabletop experiments for quantum gravity: a user's manual0 aTabletop experiments for quantum gravity a users manual3 a

Recent advances in cooling, control, and measurement of mechanical systems in the quantum regime have opened the possibility of the first direct observation of quantum gravity, at scales achievable in experiments. This paper gives a broad overview of this idea, using some matter-wave and optomechanical systems to illustrate the predictions of a variety of models of low-energy quantum gravity. We first review the treatment of perturbatively quantized general relativity as an effective quantum field theory, and consider the particular challenges of observing quantum effects in this framework. We then move on to a variety of alternative models, such as those in which gravity is classical, emergent, or responsible for a breakdown of quantum mechanics.

1 aCarney, Daniel1 aStamp, Philip, C. E.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1807.1149401776nas a2200145 4500008004100000245004700041210004700088260000900135300001200144520137700156100001901533700001901552700002201571856003701593 2017 eng d00aAdvances in Quantum Reinforcement Learning0 aAdvances in Quantum Reinforcement Learning c2017 a282-2873 a

In recent times, there has been much interest in quantum enhancements of machine learning, specifically in the context of data mining and analysis. Reinforcement learning, an interactive form of learning, is, in turn, vital in artificial intelligence-type applications. Also in this case, quantum mechanics was shown to be useful, in certain instances. Here, we elucidate these results, and show that quantum enhancements can be achieved in a new setting: the setting of learning models which learn how to improve themselves -- that is, those that meta-learn. While not all learning models meta-learn, all non-trivial models have the potential of being "lifted", enhanced, to meta-learning models. Our results show that also such models can be quantum-enhanced to make even better learners. In parallel, we address one of the bottlenecks of current quantum reinforcement learning approaches: the need for so-called oracularized variants of task environments. Here we elaborate on a method which realizes these variants, with minimal changes in the setting, and with no corruption of the operative specification of the environments. This result may be important in near-term experimental demonstrations of quantum reinforcement learning.

1 aDunjko, Vedran1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aBriegel, Hans, J. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1811.0867601983nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260001500187300001100202490000800213520147800221100001601699700001801715700001901733856007301752 2017 eng d00aCooling a harmonic oscillator by optomechanical modification of its bath0 aCooling a harmonic oscillator by optomechanical modification of  c2017/05/31 a2236020 v1183 a

Optomechanical systems show tremendous promise for high sensitivity sensing of forces and modification of mechanical properties via light. For example, similar to neutral atoms and trapped ions, laser cooling of mechanical motion by radiation pressure can take single mechanical modes to their ground state. Conventional optomechanical cooling is able to introduce additional damping channel to mechanical motion, while keeping its thermal noise at the same level, and as a consequence, the effective temperature of the mechanical mode is lowered. However, the ratio of temperature to quality factor remains roughly constant, preventing dramatic advances in quantum sensing using this approach. Here we propose an approach for simultaneously reducing the thermal load on a mechanical resonator while improving its quality factor. In essence, we use the optical interaction to dynamically modify the dominant damping mechanism, providing an optomechanically-induced effect analogous to a phononic band gap. The mechanical mode of interest is assumed to be weakly coupled to its heat bath but strongly coupled to a second mechanical mode, which is cooled by radiation pressure coupling to a red detuned cavity field. We also identify a realistic optomechanical design that has the potential to realize this novel cooling scheme.

1 aXu, Xunnong1 aPurdy, Thomas1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.22360201808nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260001500205300000800220490000600228520129700234100001801531700001601549700001901565700001701584856003701601 2017 eng d00aDynamically induced robust phonon transport and chiral cooling in an optomechanical system0 aDynamically induced robust phonon transport and chiral cooling i c2017/06/19 a2050 v83 a

The transport of sound and heat, in the form of phonons, has a fundamental material limit: disorder-induced scattering. In electronic and optical settings, introduction of chiral transport - in which carrier propagation exhibits broken parity symmetry - provides robustness against such disorder by preventing elastic backscattering. Here we experimentally demonstrate a path for achieving robust phonon transport even in the presence of material disorder, by dynamically inducing chirality through traveling-wave optomechanical coupling. Using this approach, we demonstrate dramatic optically-induced chiral transport for clockwise and counterclockwise phonons in a symmetric resonator. This induced chirality also enhances isolation from the thermal bath and leads to gain-free reduction of the intrinsic damping of the phonons. Surprisingly, this passive mechanism is also accompanied by a chiral reduction in heat load leading to a novel optical cooling of the mechanics. This technique has the potential to improve upon the fundamental thermal limits of resonant mechanical sensor, which cannot be otherwise attained through conventional optomechanical cooling.

1 aKim, Seunghwi1 aXu, Xunnong1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aBahl, Gaurav uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1609.0867401805nas a2200217 4500008004100000245005000041210005000091260001500141300001100156490000800167520121700175100002101392700001401413700002401427700001801451700002001469700001701489700002501506700001901531856003701550 2017 eng d00aEfimov States of Strongly Interacting Photons0 aEfimov States of Strongly Interacting Photons c2017/12/04 a2336010 v1193 a

We demonstrate the emergence of universal Efimov physics for interacting photons in cold gases of Rydberg atoms. We consider the behavior of three photons injected into the gas in their propagating frame, where a paraxial approximation allows us to consider them as massive particles. In contrast to atoms and nuclei, the photons have a large anisotropy between their longitudinal mass, arising from dispersion, and their transverse mass, arising from diffraction. Nevertheless, we show that in suitably rescaled coordinates the effective interactions become dominated by s-wave scattering near threshold and, as a result, give rise to an Efimov effect near unitarity, but with spatially anisotropic wavefunctions in the original coordinates. We show that the three-body loss of these Efimov trimers can be strongly suppressed and determine conditions under which these states are observable in current experiments. These effects can be naturally extended to probe few-body universality beyond three bodies, as well as the role of Efimov physics in the non-equilbrium, many-body regime.

1 aGullans, Michael1 aDiehl, S.1 aRittenhouse, S., T.1 aRuzic, B., P.1 aD'Incao, J., P.1 aJulienne, P.1 aGorshkov, Alexey, V.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1709.0195501775nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116520134900185100001901534700001601553700001601569700001901585856003701604 2017 eng d00aExponential improvements for quantum-accessible reinforcement learning0 aExponential improvements for quantumaccessible reinforcement lea3 a

Quantum computers can offer dramatic improvements over classical devices for data analysis tasks such as prediction and classification. However, less is known about the advantages that quantum computers may bring in the setting of reinforcement learning, where learning is achieved via interaction with a task environment. Here, we consider a special case of reinforcement learning, where the task environment allows quantum access. In addition, we impose certain "naturalness" conditions on the task environment, which rule out the kinds of oracle problems that are studied in quantum query complexity (and for which quantum speedups are well-known). Within this framework of quantum-accessible reinforcement learning environments, we demonstrate that quantum agents can achieve exponential improvements in learning efficiency, surpassing previous results that showed only quadratic improvements. A key step in the proof is to construct task environments that encode well-known oracle problems, such as Simon's problem and Recursive Fourier Sampling, while satisfying the above "naturalness" conditions for reinforcement learning. Our results suggest that quantum agents may perform well in certain game-playing scenarios, where the game has recursive structure, and the agent can learn by playing against itself

1 aDunjko, Vedran1 aLiu, Yi-Kai1 aWu, Xingyao1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1710.1116001552nas a2200181 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260001500189300001100204490000700215520101200222100002101234700001901255700001901274700001901293700002101312856003701333 2017 eng d00aHigh-Order Multipole Radiation from Quantum Hall States in Dirac Materials0 aHighOrder Multipole Radiation from Quantum Hall States in Dirac  c2017/06/30 a2354390 v953 a

Topological states can exhibit electronic coherence on macroscopic length scales. When the coherence length exceeds the wavelength of light, one can expect new phenomena to occur in the optical response of these states. We theoretically characterize this limit for integer quantum Hall states in two-dimensional Dirac materials. We find that the radiation from the bulk is dominated by dipole emission, whose spectral properties vary with the local disorder potential. On the other hand, the radiation from the edge is characterized by large multipole moments in the far-field associated with the efficient transfer of angular momentum from the electrons into the scattered light. These results demonstrate that high-order multipole transitions are a necessary component for the optical spectroscopy and control of quantum Hall and related topological states in electronic systems.

1 aGullans, Michael1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aImamoglu, Atac1 aGhaemi, Pouyan1 aHafezi, Mohammad uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1701.0346401674nas a2200181 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260001500185300001100200490000700211520113600218100001501354700001101369700001901380700001801399700001901417856005601436 2017 eng d00aInput-output theory for spin-photon coupling in Si double quantum dots0 aInputoutput theory for spinphoton coupling in Si double quantum  c2017/12/22 a2354340 v963 a

The interaction of qubits via microwave frequency photons enables long-distance qubit-qubit coupling and facilitates the realization of a large-scale quantum processor. However, qubits based on electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots have proven challenging to couple to microwave photons. In this theoretical work we show that a sizable coupling for a single electron spin is possible via spin-charge hybridization using a magnetic field gradient in a silicon double quantum dot. Based on parameters already shown in recent experiments, we predict optimal working points to achieve a coherent spin-photon coupling, an essential ingredient for the generation of long-range entanglement. Furthermore, we employ input-output theory to identify observable signatures of spin-photon coupling in the cavity output field, which may provide guidance to the experimental search for strong coupling in such spin-photon systems and opens the way to cavity-based readout of the spin qubit.

1 aBenito, M.1 aMi, X.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aPetta, J., R.1 aBurkard, Guido uhttps://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.23543402365nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260001500196520178600211100002601997700002402023700002002047700001602067700002402083700002002107700001902127856003702146 2017 eng d00aMachine Learning techniques for state recognition and auto-tuning in quantum dots0 aMachine Learning techniques for state recognition and autotuning c2017/12/133 a

Recent progress in building large-scale quantum devices for exploring quantum computing and simulation paradigms has relied upon effective tools for achieving and maintaining good experimental parameters, i.e. tuning up devices. In many cases, including in quantum-dot based architectures, the parameter space grows substantially with the number of qubits, and may become a limit to scalability. Fortunately, machine learning techniques for pattern recognition and image classification using so-called deep neural networks have shown surprising successes for computer-aided understanding of complex systems. In this work, we use deep and convolutional neural networks to characterize states and charge configurations of semiconductor quantum dot arrays when one can only measure a current-voltage characteristic of transport (here conductance) through such a device. For simplicity, we model a semiconductor nanowire connected to leads and capacitively coupled to depletion gates using the Thomas-Fermi approximation and Coulomb blockade physics. We then generate labeled training data for the neural networks, and find at least 90 % accuracy for charge and state identification for single and double dots purely from the dependence of the nanowire’s conductance upon gate voltages. Using these characterization networks, we can then optimize the parameter space to achieve a desired configuration of the array, a technique we call ‘auto-tuning’. Finally, we show how such techniques can be implemented in an experimental setting by applying our approach to an experimental data set, and outline further problems in this domain, from using charge sensing data to extensions to full one and two-dimensional arrays, that can be tackled with machine learning.

1 aKalantre, Sandesh, S.1 aZwolak, Justyna, P.1 aRagole, Stephen1 aWu, Xingyao1 aZimmerman, Neil, M.1 aStewart, M., D.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1712.0491401596nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210006900128260001500197490000700212520114700219100002201366700001901388856004301407 2017 eng d a1099-430000aOptomechanical Analogy for Toy Cosmology with Quantized Scale Factor0 aOptomechanical Analogy for Toy Cosmology with Quantized Scale Fa c2017/09/120 v193 a

The simplest cosmology—the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker–Lemaître (FRW) model— describes a spatially homogeneous and isotropic universe where the scale factor is the only dynamical parameter. Here we consider how quantized electromagnetic fields become entangled with the scale factor in a toy version of the FRW model. A system consisting of a photon, source, and detector is described in such a universe, and we find that the detection of a redshifted photon by the detector system constrains possible scale factor superpositions. Thus, measuring the redshift of the photon is equivalent to a weak measurement of the underlying cosmology. We also consider a potential optomechanical analogy system that would enable experimental exploration of these concepts. The analogy focuses on the effects of photon redshift measurement as a quantum back-action on metric variables, where the position of a movable mirror plays the role of the scale factor. By working in the rotating frame, an effective Hubble equation can be simulated with a simple free moving mirror.

1 aSmiga, Joseph, A.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/19/9/48501793nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260001500184520140000199100001601599700001901615856003701634 2017 eng d00aOptomechanically-induced chiral transport of phonons in one dimension0 aOptomechanicallyinduced chiral transport of phonons in one dimen c2017/01/103 a

Non-reciprocal devices, with one-way transport properties, form a key component for isolating and controlling light in photonic systems. Optomechanical systems have emerged as a potential platform for optical non-reciprocity, due to ability of a pump laser to break time and parity symmetry in the system. Here we consider how the non-reciprocal behavior of light can also impact the transport of sound in optomechanical devices. We focus on the case of a quasi one dimensional optical ring resonator with many mechanical modes coupled to light via the acousto-optic effect. The addition of disorder leads to finite diffusion for phonon transport in the material, largely due to elastic backscattering between clockwise and counter-clockwise phonons. We show that a laser pump field, along with the assumption of high quality-factor, sideband-resolved optical resonances, suppresses the effects of disorder and leads to the emergence of chiral diffusion, with direction-dependent diffusion emerging in a bandwidth similar to the phase-matching bandwidth for Brillouin scattering. A simple diagrammatic theory connects the observation of reduced mechanical linewidths directly to the associated phonon diffusion properties, and helps explain recent experimental results.

1 aXu, Xunnong1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1701.0269901311nas a2200133 4500008004100000245005700041210005700098260001500155520091500170100001701085700001901102700001901121856003701140 2017 eng d00aQuantum simulation of ferromagnetic Heisenberg model0 aQuantum simulation of ferromagnetic Heisenberg model c2017/12/143 a

Large quantum simulators, with sufficiently many qubits to be impossible to simulate classically, become hard to experimentally validate. We propose two tests of a quantum simulator with Heisenberg interaction in a linear chain of spins. In the first, we propagate half of a singlet state through a chain of spin with a ferromagnetic interaction and subsequently recover the state with an antiferromagnetic interaction. The antiferromagnetic interaction is intrinsic to the system while the ferromagnetic one can be simulated by a sequence of time-dependent controls of the antiferromagnetic interaction and Suzuki-Trotter approximations. In the second test, we use the same technique to transfer a spin singlet state from one end of a spin chain to the other. We show that the tests are robust against parametric errors in operation of the simulator and may be applicable even without error correction.

1 aWang, Yiping1 aTran, Minh, C.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1712.0528201811nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260001500204520133900219100001901558700001601577700001601593700001901609856003701628 2017 eng d00aSuper-polynomial and exponential improvements for quantum-enhanced reinforcement learning0 aSuperpolynomial and exponential improvements for quantumenhanced c2017/12/123 a

Recent work on quantum machine learning has demonstrated that quantum computers can offer dramatic improvements over classical devices for data mining, prediction and classification. However, less is known about the advantages using quantum computers may bring in the more general setting of reinforcement learning, where learning is achieved via interaction with a task environment that provides occasional rewards. Reinforcement learning can incorporate data-analysis-oriented learning settings as special cases, but also includes more complex situations where, e.g., reinforcing feedback is delayed. In a few recent works, Grover-type amplification has been utilized to construct quantum agents that achieve up-to-quadratic improvements in learning efficiency. These encouraging results have left open the key question of whether super-polynomial improvements in learning times are possible for genuine reinforcement learning problems, that is problems that go beyond the other more restricted learning paradigms. In this work, we provide a family of such genuine reinforcement learning tasks. We construct quantum-enhanced learners which learn super-polynomially, and even exponentially faster than any classical reinforcement learning model, and we discuss the potential impact our results may have on future technologies.

1 aDunjko, Vedran1 aLiu, Yi-Kai1 aWu, Xingyao1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1710.1116001333nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260001500191300001100206490000700217520083100224100002001055700001501075700001701090700001901107856003701126 2017 eng d00aThermodynamic limits for optomechanical systems with conservative potentials0 aThermodynamic limits for optomechanical systems with conservativ c2017/11/13 a1841060 v963 a

The mechanical force from light – radiation pressure – provides an intrinsic nonlinear interaction. Consequently, optomechanical systems near their steady state, such as the canonical optical spring, can display non-analytic behavior as a function of external parameters. This non-analyticity, a key feature of thermodynamic phase transitions, suggests that there could be an effective thermodynamic description of optomechanical systems. Here we explicitly define the thermodynamic limit for optomechanical systems and derive a set of sufficient constraints on the system parameters as the mechanical system grows large. As an example, we show how these constraints can be satisfied in a system with Z2 symmetry and derive a free energy, allowing us to characterize this as an equilibrium phase transition.

1 aRagole, Stephen1 aXu, Haitan1 aLawall, John1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1707.0577101530nas a2200217 4500008004100000245006000041210006000101260001500161300001100176490000800187520092200195100001501117700001601132700001601148700001101164700001901175700002101194700001901215700001801234856006001252 2017 eng d00aThreshold Dynamics of a Semiconductor Single Atom Maser0 aThreshold Dynamics of a Semiconductor Single Atom Maser c2017/08/31 a0977020 v1193 a

We demonstrate a single atom maser consisting of a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) that is embedded in a high-quality-factor microwave cavity. A finite bias drives the DQD out of equilibrium, resulting in sequential single electron tunneling and masing. We develop a dynamic tuning protocol that allows us to controllably increase the time-averaged repumping rate of the DQD at a fixed level detuning, and quantitatively study the transition through the masing threshold. We further examine the crossover from incoherent to coherent emission by measuring the photon statistics across the masing transition. The observed threshold behavior is in agreement with an existing single atom maser theory when small corrections from lead emission are taken into account.

1 aLiu, Y.-Y.1 aStehlik, J.1 aEichler, C.1 aMi, X.1 aHartke, T., R.1 aGullans, Michael1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aPetta, J., R. uhttps://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.09770201580nas a2200181 4500008004100000245005200041210005200093260001500145300001100160490000700171520107600178100002301254700002101277700001901298700002001317700002401337856003701361 2017 eng d00aValley Blockade in a Silicon Double Quantum Dot0 aValley Blockade in a Silicon Double Quantum Dot c2017/11/13 a2053020 v963 a

Electrical transport in double quantum dots (DQDs) illuminates many interesting features of the dots' carrier states. Recent advances in silicon quantum information technologies have renewed interest in the valley states of electrons confined in silicon. Here we show measurements of DC transport through a mesa-etched silicon double quantum dot. Comparing bias triangles (i.e., regions of allowed current in DQDs) at positive and negative bias voltages we find a systematic asymmetry in the size of the bias triangles at the two bias polarities. Asymmetries of this nature are associated with blocking of tunneling events due to the occupation of a metastable state. Several features of our data lead us to conclude that the states involved are not simple spin states. Rather, we develop a model based on selective filling of valley states in the DQD that is consistent with all of the qualitative features of our data.

1 aPerron, Justin, K.1 aGullans, Michael1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aStewart, M., D.1 aZimmerman, Neil, M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1607.0610701662nas a2200217 4500008004100000245004300041210004300084260001500127300001100142490000600153520108300159100001601242700001501258700001601273700001901289700001101308700002101319700001901340700001801359856006701377 2016 eng d00aDouble Quantum Dot Floquet Gain Medium0 aDouble Quantum Dot Floquet Gain Medium c2016/11/07 a0410270 v63 a

Strongly driving a two-level quantum system with light leads to a ladder of Floquet states separated by the photon energy. Nanoscale quantum devices allow the interplay of confined electrons, phonons, and photons to be studied under strong driving conditions. Here we show that a single electron in a periodically driven DQD functions as a "Floquet gain medium," where population imbalances in the DQD Floquet quasi-energy levels lead to an intricate pattern of gain and loss features in the cavity response. We further measure a large intra-cavity photon number n_c in the absence of a cavity drive field, due to equilibration in the Floquet picture. Our device operates in the absence of a dc current -- one and the same electron is repeatedly driven to the excited state to generate population inversion. These results pave the way to future studies of non-classical light and thermalization of driven quantum systems.

1 aStehlik, J.1 aLiu, Y.-Y.1 aEichler, C.1 aHartke, T., R.1 aMi, X.1 aGullans, Michael1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aPetta, J., R. uhttp://journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.04102701399nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260001500194300001100209490000700220520091600227100001801143700001901161700001401180856004701194 2016 eng d00aEntangling distant resonant exchange qubits via circuit quantum electrodynamics0 aEntangling distant resonant exchange qubits via circuit quantum  c2016/11/16 a2054210 v943 a

We investigate a hybrid quantum system consisting of spatially separated resonant exchange qubits, defined in three-electron semiconductor triple quantum dots, that are coupled via a superconducting transmission line resonator. Drawing on methods from circuit quantum electrodynamics and Hartmann-Hahn double resonance techniques, we analyze three specific approaches for implementing resonator-mediated two-qubit entangling gates in both dispersive and resonant regimes of interaction. We calculate entangling gate fidelities as well as the rate of relaxation via phonons for resonant exchange qubits in silicon triple dots and show that such an implementation is particularly well-suited to achieving the strong coupling regime. Our approach combines the favorable coherence properties of encoded spin qubits in silicon with the rapid and robust long-range entanglement provided by circuit QED systems.

1 aSrinivasa, V.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aTahan, C. uhttps://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.20542104684nas a2200145 4500008004100000245004500041210004500086260001500131520426900146100001804415700002304433700002604456700001904482856003704501 2016 eng d00aFigures of merit for quantum transducers0 aFigures of merit for quantum transducers c2016/10/043 a

Recent technical advances have sparked renewed interest in physical systems that couple simultaneously to different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, thus enabling transduction of signals between vastly different frequencies at the level of single photons. Such hybrid systems have demonstrated frequency conversion of classical signals and have the potential of enabling quantum state transfer, e.g., between superconducting circuits and traveling optical signals. This Letter describes a simple approach for the theoretical characterization of performance for quantum transducers. Given that, in practice, one cannot attain ideal one-to-one quantum conversion, we will explore how well the transducer performs in various scenarios ranging from classical signal detection to applications for quantum information processing. While the performance of the transducer depends on the particular application in which it enters, we show that the performance can be characterized by defining two simple parameters: the signal transfer efficiency η and the added noise N.

1 aZeuthen, Emil1 aSchliesser, Albert1 aSørensen, Anders, S.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1610.0109901550nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260001500202300001100217490000800228520107800236100002001314700001901334856005101353 2016 eng d00aInteracting atomic interferometry for rotation sensing approaching the Heisenberg Limit0 aInteracting atomic interferometry for rotation sensing approachi c2016/11/11 a2030020 v1173 a

Atom interferometers provide exquisite measurements of the properties of non-inertial frames. While atomic interactions are typically detrimental to good sensing, efforts to harness entanglement to improve sensitivity remain tantalizing. Here we explore the role of interactions in an analogy between atomic gyroscopes and SQUIDs, motivated by recent experiments realizing ring shaped traps for ultracold atoms. We explore the one-dimensional limit of these ring systems with a moving weak barrier, such as that provided by a blue-detuned laser beam. In this limit, we employ Luttinger liquid theory and find an analogy with the superconducting phase-slip qubit, in which the topological charge associated with persistent currents can be put into superposition. In particular, we find that strongly-interacting atoms in such a system could be used for precision rotation sensing. We compare the performance of this new sensor to an equivalent non-interacting atom interferometer, and find improvements in sensitivity and bandwidth beyond the atomic shot-noise limit.

1 aRagole, Stephen1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.20300201666nas a2200145 4500008004100000245006300041210006300104260001500167300001100182490000700193520123200200100002201432700001901454856004701473 2016 eng d00aLandauer formulation of photon transport in driven systems0 aLandauer formulation of photon transport in driven systems c2016/10/20 a1554370 v943 a

Understanding the behavior of light in non-equilibrium scenarios underpins much of quantum optics and optical physics. While lasers provide a severe example of a non-equilibrium problem, recent interests in the near-equilibrium physics of photon `gases', such as in Bose condensation of light or in attempts to make photonic quantum simulators, suggest one reexamine some near-equilibrium cases. Here we consider how a sinusoidal parametric coupling between two semi-infinite photonic transmission lines leads to the creation and flow of photons between the two lines. Our approach provides a photonic analogue to the Landauer transport formula, and using non-equilbrium Green's functions, we can extend it to the case of an interacting region between two photonic `leads' where the sinusoid frequency plays the role of a voltage bias. Crucially, we identify both the mathematical framework and the physical regime in which photonic transport is directly analogous to electronic transport, and regimes in which other new behavior such as two-mode squeezing can emerge.

1 aWang, Chiao-Hsuan1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.15543701525nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260001500185520106700200100001801267700002001285700001901305700001901324856003601343 2016 eng d00aObservation of Optomechanical Quantum Correlations at Room Temperature0 aObservation of Optomechanical Quantum Correlations at Room Tempe c2016/05/183 a

By shining laser light through a nanomechanical beam, we measure the beam's thermally driven vibrations and perturb its motion with optical forces at a level dictated by the Heisenberg measurement-disturbance uncertainty relation. Such quantum backaction is typically difficult to observe at room temperature where the motion driven by optical quantum intensity fluctuations is many orders of magnitude smaller than the thermal motion. We demonstrate a cross-correlation technique to distinguish optically driven motion from thermally driven motion, observing this quantum backaction signature up to room temperature. While it is often difficult to absolutely calibrate optical detection, we use the scale of the quantum correlations, which is determined by fundamental constants, to gauge the size of thermal motion, demonstrating a path towards absolute thermometry with quantum mechanically calibrated ticks.

1 aPurdy, T., P.1 aGrutter, K., E.1 aSrinivasan, K.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1605.0566400982nas a2200145 4500008004100000245004300041210004100084260001500125300001100140490000700151520059900158100002200757700001900779856003800798 2016 eng d00aA Quantum Model for an Entropic Spring0 aQuantum Model for an Entropic Spring c2016/06/01 a2141020 v933 a

Motivated by understanding the emergence of thermodynamic restoring forces and oscillations, we develop a quantum-mechanical model of a bath of spins coupled to the elasticity of a material. We show our model reproduces the behavior of a variety of entropic springs while enabling investigation of non-equilibrium resonator states in the quantum domain. We find our model emerges naturally in disordered elastic media such as glasses, and is an additional, expected effect in systems with anomalous specific heat and 1/f noise at low temperatures due to two-level systems that fluctuate.

1 aWang, Chiao-Hsuan1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1507.08658v101578nas a2200157 4500008004100000245003800041210003700079260001500116300001100131490000800142520115100150100001901301700001901320700002201339856005901361 2016 eng d00aQuantum-Enhanced Machine Learning0 aQuantumEnhanced Machine Learning c2016/09/20 a1305010 v1173 a

The emerging field of quantum machine learning has the potential to substantially aid in the problems and scope of artificial intelligence. This is only enhanced by recent successes in the field of classical machine learning. In this work we propose an approach for the systematic treatment of machine learning, from the perspective of quantum information. Our approach is general and covers all three main branches of machine learning: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. While quantum improvements in supervised and unsupervised learning have been reported, reinforcement learning has received much less attention. Within our approach, we tackle the problem of quantum enhancements in reinforcement learning as well, and propose a systematic scheme for providing improvements. As an example, we show that quadratic improvements in learning efficiency, and exponential improvements in performance over limited time periods, can be obtained for a broad class of learning problems.

1 aDunjko, Vedran1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aBriegel, Hans, J. uhttp://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.13050101938nas a2200145 4500008004100000245004200041210003900083260001500122520154800137100001601685700001801701700001701719700001901736856003701755 2016 eng d00aA quasi-mode theory of chiral phonons0 aquasimode theory of chiral phonons c2016/12/293 a

The coherence properties of mechanical resonators are often limited by multiple unavoidable forms of loss -- including phonon-phonon and phonon-defect scattering -- which result in the scattering of sound into other resonant modes and into the phonon bath. Dynamic suppression of this scattering loss can lift constraints on device structure and can improve tolerance to defects in the material, even after fabrication. Inspired by recent experiments, here we introduce a model of phonon losses resulting from disorder in a whispering gallery mode resonator with acousto-optical coupling between optical and mechanical modes. We show that a typical elastic scattering mechanism of high quality factor (Q) mechanical modes flips the direction of phonon propagation via high-angle scattering, leading to damping into modes with the opposite parity. When the optical mode overlaps co-propagating high-Q and bulk mechanical modes, the addition of laser cooling via sideband-resolved damping of the mechanical mode of a chosen parity also damps and modifies the response of the bulk modes of the same parity. This, in turn, simultaneously improves the quality factor and reduces the thermal load of the counter-propagating high-Q modes, leading to the dynamical creation of a cold phononic shield. We compare our theoretical results to the recent experiments of Kim et al., and find quantitative agreement with our theory.

1 aXu, Xunnong1 aKim, Seunghwi1 aBahl, Gaurav1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1612.0924001512nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260001500197300001100212490000700223520099300230100002501223700001401248700001901262856007301281 2016 eng d00aSerialized Quantum Error Correction Protocol for High-Bandwidth Quantum Repeaters0 aSerialized Quantum Error Correction Protocol for HighBandwidth Q c2016/09/02 a0930080 v183 a

Advances in single photon creation, transmission, and detection suggest that sending quantum information over optical fibers may have losses low enough to be correctable using a quantum error correcting code. Such error-corrected communication is equivalent to a novel quantum repeater scheme, but crucial questions regarding implementation and system requirements remain open. Here we show that long range entangled bit generation with rates approaching $10^8$ ebits/s may be possible using a completely serialized protocol, in which photons are generated, entangled, and error corrected via sequential, one-way interactions with a minimal number of matter qubits. Provided loss and error rates of the required elements are below the threshold for quantum error correction, this scheme demonstrates improved performance over transmission of single photons. We find improvement in ebit rates at large distances using this serial protocol and various quantum error correcting codes.

1 aGlaudell, Andrew, N.1 aWaks, Edo1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/18/9/093008/meta01372nas a2200181 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119260001500188300001100203490000800214520084100222100002101063700001601084700001701100700001801117700001901135856003601154 2016 eng d00aSisyphus Thermalization of Photons in a Cavity-Coupled Double Quantum Dot0 aSisyphus Thermalization of Photons in a CavityCoupled Double Qua c2016/07/25 a0568010 v1173 a

A strongly driven quantum system, coupled to a thermalizing bath, generically evolves into a highly non-thermal state as the external drive competes with the equilibrating force of the bath. We demonstrate a notable exception to this picture for a microwave resonator interacting with a periodically driven double quantum dot (DQD). In the limit of strong driving and long times, we show that the resonator field can be driven into a thermal state with a chemical potential given by a harmonic of the drive frequency. Such tunable chemical potentials are achievable with current devices and would have broad utility for quantum simulation in circuit quantum electrodynamics. As an example, we show how several DQDs embedded in an array of microwave resonators can induce a phase transition to a Bose-Einstein condensate of light.

1 aGullans, Michael1 aStehlik, J.1 aLiu, Y., -Y.1 aPetta, J., R.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1512.0124801241nas a2200157 4500008004100000245005800041210005800099260001500157300001100172490000700183520080300190100001400993700002001007700001901027856003701046 2015 eng d00aBounds on quantum communication via Newtonian gravity0 aBounds on quantum communication via Newtonian gravity c2015/01/15 a0150060 v173 aNewtonian gravity yields specific observable consequences, the most striking of which is the emergence of a $1/r^2$ force. In so far as communication can arise via such interactions between distant particles, we can ask what would be expected for a theory of gravity that only allows classical communication. Many heuristic suggestions for gravity-induced decoherence have this restriction implicitly or explicitly in their construction. Here we show that communication via a $1/r^2$ force has a minimum noise induced in the system when the communication cannot convey quantum information, in a continuous time analogue to Bell's inequalities. Our derived noise bounds provide tight constraints from current experimental results on any theory of gravity that does not allow quantum communication. 1 aKafri, D.1 aMilburn, G., J.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1404.3214v202139nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260001500195300001100210490000700221520169100228100001801919700001901937856003701956 2015 eng d00aCapacitively coupled singlet-triplet qubits in the double charge resonant regime0 aCapacitively coupled singlettriplet qubits in the double charge  c2015/12/01 a2353010 v923 aWe investigate a method for entangling two singlet-triplet qubits in adjacent double quantum dots via capacitive interactions. In contrast to prior work, here we focus on a regime with strong interactions between the qubits. The interplay of the interaction energy and simultaneous large detunings for both double dots gives rise to the double charge resonant regime, in which the unpolarized (1111) and fully polarized (0202) four-electron states in the absence of interqubit tunneling are near degeneracy, while being energetically well-separated from the partially polarized (0211 and 1102) states. A controlled-phase gate may be realized by combining time evolution in this regime in the presence of intraqubit tunneling and the interqubit Coulomb interaction with refocusing {\pi} pulses that swap the singly occupied singlet and triplet states of the two qubits via, e.g., magnetic gradients. We calculate the fidelity of this entangling gate, incorporating models for two types of noise - classical, Gaussian-distributed charge fluctuations in the single-qubit detunings and charge relaxation within the low-energy subspace via electron-phonon interaction - and identify parameter regimes that optimize the fidelity. The rates of phonon-induced decay for pairs of GaAs or Si double quantum dots vary with the sizes of the dipolar and quadrupolar contributions and are several orders of magnitude smaller for Si, leading to high theoretical gate fidelities for coupled singlet-triplet qubits in Si dots. We also consider the dependence of the capacitive coupling on the relative orientation of the double dots and find that a linear geometry provides the fastest potential gate. 1 aSrinivasa, V.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1408.4740v201437nas a2200157 4500008004100000245003500041210003300076260001500109300001100124490000700135520104900142100001501191700001701206700001901223856003701242 2015 eng d00aA chemical potential for light0 achemical potential for light c2014/05/22 a1743050 v923 aPhotons are not conserved in interactions with other matter. Consequently, when understanding the equation of state and thermodynamics of photons, while we have a concept of temperature for energy conservation, there is no equivalent chemical potential for particle number conservation. However, the notion of a chemical potential is crucial in understanding a wide variety of single- and many-body effects, from transport in conductors and semi-conductors to phase transitions in electronic and atomic systems. Here we show how a direct modification of the system-bath coupling via parametric oscillation creates an effective chemical potential for photons even in the thermodynamic limit. Specific implementations, using circuit-QED or optomechanics, are feasible using current technologies, and we show a detailed example demonstrating the emergence of Mott Insulator-superfluid transition in a lattice of nonlinear oscillators. Our approach paves the way for quantum simulation, quantum sources and even electron-like circuits with light. 1 aHafezi, M.1 aAdhikari, P.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1405.5821v201280nas a2200133 4500008004100000245005800041210005800099260001500157520087600172100001901048700001901067700002201086856003801108 2015 eng d00aFramework for learning agents in quantum environments0 aFramework for learning agents in quantum environments c2015/07/303 aIn this paper we provide a broad framework for describing learning agents in general quantum environments. We analyze the types of classically specified environments which allow for quantum enhancements in learning, by contrasting environments to quantum oracles. We show that whether or not quantum improvements are at all possible depends on the internal structure of the quantum environment. If the environments are constructed and the internal structure is appropriately chosen, or if the agent has limited capacities to influence the internal states of the environment, we show that improvements in learning times are possible in a broad range of scenarios. Such scenarios we call luck-favoring settings. The case of constructed environments is particularly relevant for the class of model-based learning agents, where our results imply a near-generic improvement. 1 aDunjko, Vedran1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aBriegel, Hans, J. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1507.08482v101274nas a2200181 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260001500214300001200229490000800241520071300249100002100962700001500983700002100998700001901019700001701038856003701055 2015 eng d00aFrom membrane-in-the-middle to mirror-in-the-middle with a high-reflectivity sub-wavelength grating0 aFrom membraneinthemiddle to mirrorinthemiddle with a highreflect c2015/01/02 a81 - 880 v5273 aWe demonstrate a "membrane in the middle" optomechanical system using a silicon nitride membrane patterned as a subwavelength grating. The grating has a reflectivity of over 99.8%, effectively creating two sub-cavities, with free spectral ranges of 6 GHz, optically coupled via photon tunneling. Measurements of the transmission and reflection spectra show an avoided crossing where the two sub-cavities simultaneously come into resonance, with a frequency splitting of 54 MHz. We derive expressions for the lineshapes of the symmetric and antisymmetric modes at the avoided crossing, and infer the grating reflection, transmission, absorption, and scattering through comparison with the experimental data. 1 aStambaugh, Corey1 aXu, Haitan1 aKemiktarak, Utku1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aLawall, John uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1407.1709v101515nas a2200181 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260001500181300001100196490000700207520099200214100001701206700001601223700002101239700001901260700001801279856003601297 2015 eng d00aInjection Locking of a Semiconductor Double Quantum Dot Micromaser0 aInjection Locking of a Semiconductor Double Quantum Dot Micromas c2015/11/02 a0538020 v923 a Emission linewidth is an important figure of merit for masers and lasers. We recently demonstrated a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) micromaser where photons are generated through single electron tunneling events. Charge noise directly couples to the DQD energy levels, resulting in a maser linewidth that is more than 100 times larger than the Schawlow-Townes prediction. Here we demonstrate a linewidth narrowing of more than a factor 10 by locking the DQD emission to a coherent tone that is injected to the input port of the cavity. We measure the injection locking range as a function of cavity input power and show that it is in agreement with the Adler equation. The position and amplitude of distortion sidebands that appear outside of the injection locking range are quantitatively examined. Our results show that this unconventional maser, which is impacted by strong charge noise and electron-phonon coupling, is well described by standard laser models. 1 aLiu, Y., -Y.1 aStehlik, J.1 aGullans, Michael1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aPetta, J., R. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1508.0414701704nas a2200169 4500008004100000245006100041210006100102260001500163520120900178100001501387700002101402700001701423700002001440700001701460700001901477856003801496 2015 eng d00aObservation of optomechanical buckling phase transitions0 aObservation of optomechanical buckling phase transitions c2015/10/163 a

Correlated phases of matter provide long-term stability for systems as diverse as solids, magnets, and potential exotic quantum materials. Mechanical systems, such as relays and buckling transition spring switches can yield similar stability by exploiting non-equilibrium phase transitions. Curiously, in the optical domain, observations of such phase transitions remain elusive. However, efforts to integrate optical and mechanical systems -- optomechanics -- suggest that a hybrid approach combining the quantum control of optical systems with the engineerability of mechanical systems may provide a new avenue for such explorations. Here we report the first observation of the buckling of an optomechanical system, in which transitions between stable mechanical states corresponding to both first- and second-order phase transitions are driven by varying laser power and detuning. Our results enable new applications in photonics and, given rapid progress in pushing optomechanical systems into the quantum regime, the potential for explorations of quantum phase transitions.

1 aXu, Haitan1 aKemiktarak, Utku1 aFan, Jingyun1 aRagole, Stephen1 aLawall, John1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1510.04971v101701nas a2200145 4500008004100000245005200041210005200093260001500145300001100160490000700171520130100178100002101479700001901500856003601519 2015 eng d00aOptical Control of Donor Spin Qubits in Silicon0 aOptical Control of Donor Spin Qubits in Silicon c2015/11/11 a1954110 v923 aWe show how to achieve optical, spin-selective transitions from the ground state to excited orbital states of group-V donors (P, As, Sb, Bi) in silicon. We consider two approaches based on either resonant, far-infrared (IR) transitions of the neutral donor or resonant, near-IR excitonic transitions. For far-IR light, we calculate the dipole matrix elements between the valley-orbit and spin-orbit split states for all the goup-V donors using effective mass theory. We then calculate the maximum rate and amount of electron-nuclear spin-polarization achievable through optical pumping with circularly polarized light. We find this approach is most promising for Bi donors due to their large spin-orbit and valley-orbit interactions. Using near-IR light, spin-selective excitation is possible for all the donors by driving a two-photon $\Lambda$-transition from the ground state to higher orbitals with even parity. We show that externally applied electric fields or strain allow similar, spin-selective $\Lambda$-transition to odd-parity excited states. We anticipate these results will be useful for future spectroscopic investigations of donors, quantum control and state preparation of donor spin qubits, and for developing a coherent interface between donor spin qubits and single photons. 1 aGullans, Michael1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1507.0792901186nas a2200181 4500008004100000245004300041210004300084260001500127300000800142490000700150520060900157100002300766700003000789700001800819700001900837700001900856856012900875 2015 eng d00aOptomechanical reference accelerometer0 aOptomechanical reference accelerometer c2015/09/08 a6540 v523 a

We present an optomechanical accelerometer with high dynamic range, high bandwidth and read-out noise levels below 8 ${\mu}$g/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$. The straightforward assembly and low cost of our device make it a prime candidate for on-site reference calibrations and autonomous navigation. We present experimental data taken with a vacuum sealed, portable prototype and deduce the achieved bias stability and scale factor accuracy. Additionally, we present a comprehensive model of the device physics that we use to analyze the fundamental noise sources and accuracy limitations of such devices.

1 aGerberding, Oliver1 aCervantes, Felipe, Guzman1 aMelcher, John1 aPratt, Jon, R.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/52/5/654/meta;jsessionid=C2B417A5CD50B9B57EE14C78E1783802.ip-10-40-1-10501003nas a2200181 4500008004100000245006900041210006800110260001500178300001100193490000800204520048000212100002100692700001700713700001600730700001800746700001900764856003800783 2015 eng d00aPhonon-Assisted Gain in a Semiconductor Double Quantum Dot Maser0 aPhononAssisted Gain in a Semiconductor Double Quantum Dot Maser c2015/05/13 a1968020 v1143 aWe develop a microscopic model for the recently demonstrated double quantum dot (DQD) maser. In characterizing the gain of this device we find that, in addition to the direct stimulated emission of photons, there is a large contribution from the simultaneous emission of a photon and a phonon, i.e., the phonon sideband. We show that this phonon-assisted gain typically dominates the overall gain which leads to masing. Recent experimental data are well fit with our model. 1 aGullans, Michael1 aLiu, Y., -Y.1 aStehlik, J.1 aPetta, J., R.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1501.03499v301482nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006300041210006300104260001500167300001100182490000700193520103100200100001601231700002101247700001901268856003701287 2015 eng d00aQuantum Nonlinear Optics Near Optomechanical Instabilities0 aQuantum Nonlinear Optics Near Optomechanical Instabilities c2015/01/09 a0138180 v913 a Optomechanical systems provide a unique platform for observing quantum behavior of macroscopic objects. However, efforts towards realizing nonlinear behavior at the single photon level have been inhibited by the small size of the radiation pressure interaction. Here we show that it is not necessary to reach the single-photon strong-coupling regime in order to realize significant optomechanical nonlinearities. Instead, nonlinearities at the few quanta level can be achieved, even with weak-coupling, in a two-mode optomechanical system driven near instability. In this limit, we establish a new figure of merit for realizing strong nonlinearity which scales with the single-photon optomechanical coupling and the sideband resolution of the mechanical mode with respect to the cavity linewidth. We find that current devices based on optomechanical crystals, thought to be in the weak-coupling regime, can still achieve strong quantum nonlinearity; enabling deterministic interactions between single photons. 1 aXu, Xunnong1 aGullans, Michael1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1404.3726v201150nas a2200193 4500008004100000245004800041210004800089260001500137300001400152490000800166520063700174100001700811700001600828700001600844700002100860700001900881700001800900856003800918 2015 eng d00aSemiconductor double quantum dot micromaser0 aSemiconductor double quantum dot micromaser c2015/01/15 a285 - 2870 v3473 a The coherent generation of light, from masers to lasers, relies upon the specific structure of the individual emitters that lead to gain. Devices operating as lasers in the few-emitter limit provide opportunities for understanding quantum coherent phenomena, from THz sources to quantum communication. Here we demonstrate a maser that is driven by single electron tunneling events. Semiconductor double quantum dots (DQDs) serve as a gain medium and are placed inside of a high quality factor microwave cavity. We verify maser action by comparing the statistics of the emitted microwave field above and below the maser threshold. 1 aLiu, Y., -Y.1 aStehlik, J.1 aEichler, C.1 aGullans, Michael1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aPetta, J., R. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1507.06359v101158nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260001500183300001100198490000800209520069800217100001800915700001100933700001900944856003700963 2015 eng d00aTunable Spin Qubit Coupling Mediated by a Multi-Electron Quantum Dot0 aTunable Spin Qubit Coupling Mediated by a MultiElectron Quantum  c2015/06/04 a2268030 v1143 aWe present an approach for entangling electron spin qubits localized on spatially separated impurity atoms or quantum dots via a multi-electron, two-level quantum dot. The effective exchange interaction mediated by the dot can be understood as the simplest manifestation of Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida exchange, and can be manipulated through gate voltage control of level splittings and tunneling amplitudes within the system. This provides both a high degree of tuneability and a means for realizing high-fidelity two-qubit gates between spatially separated spins, yielding an experimentally accessible method of coupling donor electron spins in silicon via a hybrid impurity-dot system. 1 aSrinivasa, V.1 aXu, H.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1312.1711v301005nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006000041210005800101260001500159300001100174490000700185520056500192100001400757700001900771700002000790856003700810 2014 eng d00aA classical channel model for gravitational decoherence0 aclassical channel model for gravitational decoherence c2014/06/26 a0650200 v163 aWe show that, by treating the gravitational interaction between two mechanical resonators as a classical measurement channel, a gravitational decoherence model results that is equivalent to a model first proposed by Diosi. The resulting decoherence model implies that the classically mediated gravitational interaction between two gravitationally coupled resonators cannot create entanglement. The gravitational decoherence rate ( and the complementary heating rate) is of the order of the gravitationally induced normal mode splitting of the two resonators. 1 aKafri, D.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aMilburn, G., J. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1401.0946v102620nas a2200253 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260001300183300001200196490000800208520192500216100001402141700001702155700001502172700002302187700001602210700001402226700001902240700001802259700001402277700001902291700001902310856003702329 2014 eng d00aOptical detection of radio waves through a nanomechanical transducer0 aOptical detection of radio waves through a nanomechanical transd c2014/3/5 a81 - 850 v5073 aLow-loss transmission and sensitive recovery of weak radio-frequency (rf) and microwave signals is an ubiquitous technological challenge, crucial in fields as diverse as radio astronomy, medical imaging, navigation and communication, including those of quantum states. Efficient upconversion of rf-signals to an optical carrier would allow transmitting them via optical fibers dramatically reducing losses, and give access to the mature toolbox of quantum optical techniques, routinely enabling quantum-limited signal detection. Research in the field of cavity optomechanics has shown that nanomechanical oscillators can couple very strongly to either microwave or optical fields. An oscillator accommodating both functionalities would bear great promise as the intermediate platform in a radio-to-optical transduction cascade. Here, we demonstrate such an opto-electro-mechanical transducer utilizing a high-Q nanomembrane. A moderate voltage bias (<10V) is sufficient to induce strong coupling between the voltage fluctuations in a rf resonance circuit and the membrane's displacement, which is simultaneously coupled to light reflected off its metallized surface. The circuit acts as an antenna; the voltage signals it induces are detected as an optical phase shift with quantum-limited sensitivity. The half-wave voltage is in the microvolt range, orders of magnitude below that of standard optical modulators. The noise added by the membrane is suppressed by the electro-mechanical cooperativity C~6800 and has a temperature of 40mK, far below 300K where the entire device is operated. This corresponds to a sensitivity limit as low as 5 pV/Hz^1/2, or -210dBm/Hz in a narrow band around 1 MHz. Our work introduces an entirely new approach to all-optical, ultralow-noise detection of classical electronic signals, and sets the stage for coherent upconversion of low-frequency quantum signals to the optical domain. 1 aBagci, T.1 aSimonsen, A.1 aSchmid, S.1 aVillanueva, L., G.1 aZeuthen, E.1 aAppel, J.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aSørensen, A.1 aUsami, K.1 aSchliesser, A.1 aPolzik, E., S. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1307.3467v201000nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260001500187520059900202100002100801700001900822856003700841 2014 eng d00aA Quantum Network of Silicon Qubits using Mid-Infrared Graphene Plasmons0 aQuantum Network of Silicon Qubits using MidInfrared Graphene Pla c2014/07/253 a We consider a quantum network of mid-infrared, graphene plasmons coupled to the hydrogen-like excited states of group-V donors in silicon. First, we show how to use plasmon-enhanced light-matter interactions to achieve single-shot spin readout of the donor qubits via optical excitation and electrical detection of the emitted plasmons. We then show how plasmons in high mobility graphene nanoribbons can be used to achieve high-fidelity, two-qubit gates and entanglement of distant Si donor qubits. The proposed device is readily compatible with existing technology and fabrication methods. 1 aGullans, Michael1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1407.7035v101124nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260001400185490000800199520068100207100001900888700001800907700001600925856003700941 2013 eng d00aElectrically-protected resonant exchange qubits in triple quantum dots0 aElectricallyprotected resonant exchange qubits in triple quantum c2013/7/310 v1113 aWe present a modulated microwave approach for quantum computing with qubits comprising three spins in a triple quantum dot. This approach includes single- and two-qubit gates that are protected against low-frequency electrical noise, due to an operating point with a narrowband response to high frequency electric fields. Furthermore, existing double quantum dot advances, including robust preparation and measurement via spin-to-charge conversion, are immediately applicable to the new qubit. Finally, the electric dipole terms implicit in the high frequency coupling enable strong coupling with superconducting microwave resonators, leading to more robust two-qubit gates. 1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aSrinivasa, V.1 aMedford, J. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1304.3407v201256nas a2200121 4500008004100000245004400041210004200085260001500127520092000142100001601062700001901078856003701097 2013 eng d00aA noise inequality for classical forces0 anoise inequality for classical forces c2013/11/183 aLorentz invariance requires local interactions, with force laws such as the Coulomb interaction arising via virtual exchange of force carriers such as photons. Many have considered the possibility that, at long distances or large mass scales, this process changes in some way to lead to classical behavior. Here we hypothesize that classical behavior could be due to an inability of some force carriers to convey entanglement, a characteristic measure of nonlocal, quantum behavior. We then prove that there exists a local test that allows one to verify entanglement generation, falsifying our hypothesis. Crucially, we show that noise measurements can directly verify entanglement generation. This provides a step forward for a wide variety of experimental systems where traditional entanglement tests are challenging, including entanglement generation by gravity alone between macroscopic torsional oscillators. 1 aKafri, Dvir1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1311.4558v101759nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260001400191490000700205520124300212100002101455700001801476700001901494700002101513700001801534856003701552 2013 eng d00aPreparation of Non-equilibrium Nuclear Spin States in Double Quantum Dots 0 aPreparation of Nonequilibrium Nuclear Spin States in Double Quan c2013/7/150 v883 a We theoretically study the dynamic polarization of lattice nuclear spins in GaAs double quantum dots containing two electrons. In our prior work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 226807 (2010)] we identified three regimes of long-term dynamics, including the build up of a large difference in the Overhauser fields across the dots, the saturation of the nuclear polarization process associated with formation of so-called "dark states," and the elimination of the difference field. In particular, when the dots are different sizes we found that the Overhauser field becomes larger in the smaller dot. Here we present a detailed theoretical analysis of these problems including a model of the polarization dynamics and the development of a new numerical method to efficiently simulate semiclassical central-spin problems. When nuclear spin noise is included, the results agree with our prior work indicating that large difference fields and dark states are stable configurations, while the elimination of the difference field is unstable; however, in the absence of noise we find all three steady states are achieved depending on parameters. These results are in good agreement with dynamic nuclear polarization experiments in double quantum dots. 1 aGullans, Michael1 aKrich, J., J.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aHalperin, B., I.1 aLukin, M., D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1212.6953v301080nas a2200193 4500008004100000245003200041210002800073260001400101490000800115520060900123100001600732700001300748700001900761700001900780700001100799700002000810700001900830856003700849 2013 eng d00aThe Resonant Exchange Qubit0 aResonant Exchange Qubit c2013/7/310 v1113 aWe introduce a solid-state qubit in which exchange interactions among confined electrons provide both the static longitudinal field and the oscillatory transverse field, allowing rapid and full qubit control via rf gate-voltage pulses. We demonstrate two-axis control at a detuning sweet-spot, where leakage due to hyperfine coupling is suppressed by the large exchange gap. A {\pi}/2-gate time of 2.5 ns and a coherence time of 19 {\mu}s, using multi-pulse echo, are also demonstrated. Model calculations that include effects of hyperfine noise are in excellent quantitative agreement with experiment. 1 aMedford, J.1 aBeil, J.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aRashba, E., I.1 aLu, H.1 aGossard, A., C.1 aMarcus, C., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1304.3413v201244nas a2200241 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260001300194300001400207490000600221520055700227100001600784700001300800700001900813700002100832700002000853700001900873700002300892700001100915700002000926700001900946856003700965 2013 eng d00aSelf-Consistent Measurement and State Tomography of an Exchange-Only Spin Qubit0 aSelfConsistent Measurement and State Tomography of an ExchangeOn c2013/9/1 a654 - 6590 v83 aWe report initialization, complete electrical control, and single-shot readout of an exchange-only spin qubit. Full control via the exchange interaction is fast, yielding a demonstrated 75 qubit rotations in under 2 ns. Measurement and state tomography are performed using a maximum-likelihood estimator method, allowing decoherence, leakage out of the qubit state space, and measurement fidelity to be quantified. The methods developed here are generally applicable to systems with state leakage, noisy measurements, and non-orthogonal control axes. 1 aMedford, J.1 aBeil, J.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aBartlett, S., D.1 aDoherty, A., C.1 aRashba, E., I.1 aDiVincenzo, D., P.1 aLu, H.1 aGossard, A., C.1 aMarcus, C., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1302.1933v101029nas a2200121 4500008004100000245004700041210004700088260001500135520068500150100001600835700001900851856003700870 2012 eng d00aAlgorithmic Cooling of a Quantum Simulator0 aAlgorithmic Cooling of a Quantum Simulator c2012/07/303 aControlled quantum mechanical devices provide a means of simulating more complex quantum systems exponentially faster than classical computers. Such "quantum simulators" rely heavily upon being able to prepare the ground state of Hamiltonians, whose properties can be used to calculate correlation functions or even the solution to certain classical computations. While adiabatic preparation remains the primary means of producing such ground states, here we provide a different avenue of preparation: cooling to the ground state via simulated dissipation. This is in direct analogy to contemporary efforts to realize generalized forms of simulated annealing in quantum systems. 1 aKafri, Dvir1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1207.7111v102074nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260001500191490000700206520159700213100001501810700002001825700001901845700001501864856003701879 2012 eng d00aThe equilibrium states of open quantum systems in the strong coupling regime0 aequilibrium states of open quantum systems in the strong couplin c2012/12/260 v863 aIn this work we investigate the late-time stationary states of open quantum systems coupled to a thermal reservoir in the strong coupling regime. In general such systems do not necessarily relax to a Boltzmann distribution if the coupling to the thermal reservoir is non-vanishing or equivalently if the relaxation timescales are finite. Using a variety of non-equilibrium formalisms valid for non-Markovian processes, we show that starting from a product state of the closed system = system + environment, with the environment in its thermal state, the open system which results from coarse graining the environment will evolve towards an equilibrium state at late-times. This state can be expressed as the reduced state of the closed system thermal state at the temperature of the environment. For a linear (harmonic) system and environment, which is exactly solvable, we are able to show in a rigorous way that all multi-time correlations of the open system evolve towards those of the closed system thermal state. Multi-time correlations are especially relevant in the non-Markovian regime, since they cannot be generated by the dynamics of the single-time correlations. For more general systems, which cannot be exactly solved, we are able to provide a general proof that all single-time correlations of the open system evolve to those of the closed system thermal state, to first order in the relaxation rates. For the special case of a zero-temperature reservoir, we are able to explicitly construct the reduced closed system thermal state in terms of the environmental correlations. 1 aSubasi, Y.1 aFleming, C., H.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aHu, B., L. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1206.2707v101226nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007000041210006900111260001400180490000800194520072500202100001900927700001400946700002000960700002000980700001901000856003701019 2012 eng d00aQuantum interface between an electrical circuit and a single atom0 aQuantum interface between an electrical circuit and a single ato c2012/3/300 v1083 aWe show how to bridge the divide between atomic systems and electronic devices by engineering a coupling between the motion of a single ion and the quantized electric field of a resonant circuit. Our method can be used to couple the internal state of an ion to the quantized circuit with the same speed as the internal-state coupling between two ions. All the well-known quantum information protocols linking ion internal and motional states can be converted to protocols between circuit photons and ion internal states. Our results enable quantum interfaces between solid state qubits, atomic qubits, and light, and lay the groundwork for a direct quantum connection between electrical and atomic metrology standards. 1 aKielpinski, D.1 aKafri, D.1 aWoolley, M., J.1 aMilburn, G., J.1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1111.5999v101407nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006700041210006700108260001400175490000700189520094200196100002201138700001701160700001901177700001601196856003701212 2011 eng d00aFast and robust quantum computation with ionic Wigner crystals0 aFast and robust quantum computation with ionic Wigner crystals c2011/4/150 v833 aWe present a detailed analysis of the modulated-carrier quantum phase gate implemented with Wigner crystals of ions confined in Penning traps. We elaborate on a recent scheme, proposed by two of the authors, to engineer two-body interactions between ions in such crystals. We analyze for the first time the situation in which the cyclotron (w_c) and the crystal rotation (w_r) frequencies do not fulfill the condition w_c=2w_r. It is shown that even in the presence of the magnetic field in the rotating frame the many-body (classical) Hamiltonian describing small oscillations from the ion equilibrium positions can be recast in canonical form. As a consequence, we are able to demonstrate that fast and robust two-qubit gates are achievable within the current experimental limitations. Moreover, we describe a realization of the state-dependent sign-changing dipole forces needed to realize the investigated quantum computing scheme. 1 aBaltrusch, J., D.1 aNegretti, A.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aCalarco, T. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1011.5616v200913nas a2200145 4500008004100000245004700041210004700088260001300135490000700148520050500155100002600660700001900686700002500705856003700730 2011 eng d00aInterferometry with Synthetic Gauge Fields0 aInterferometry with Synthetic Gauge Fields c2011/3/30 v833 aWe propose a compact atom interferometry scheme for measuring weak, time-dependent accelerations. Our proposal uses an ensemble of dilute trapped bosons with two internal states that couple to a synthetic gauge field with opposite charges. The trapped gauge field couples spin to momentum to allow time dependent accelerations to be continuously imparted on the internal states. We generalize this system to reduce noise and estimate the sensitivity of such a system to be S~10^-7 m / s^2 / Hz^1/2. 1 aAnderson, Brandon, M.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aGalitski, Victor, M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1008.3910v201053nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123260001500192490000800207520056400215100001900779700002200798700001900820700001900839856003700858 2011 eng d00aLaser cooling and optical detection of excitations in a LC electrical circuit0 aLaser cooling and optical detection of excitations in a LC elect c2011/12/270 v1073 aWe explore a method for laser cooling and optical detection of excitations in a LC electrical circuit. Our approach uses a nanomechanical oscillator as a transducer between optical and electronic excitations. An experimentally feasible system with the oscillator capacitively coupled to the LC and at the same time interacting with light via an optomechanical force is shown to provide strong electro-mechanical coupling. Conditions for improved sensitivity and quantum limited readout of electrical signals with such an "optical loud speaker" are outlined. 1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aSørensen, A., S.1 aMarcus, C., M.1 aPolzik, E., S. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1108.2035v101255nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260001400215490000700229520081400236100001501050700001901065856003701084 2011 eng d00aUnified approach to topological quantum computation with anyons: From qubit encoding to Toffoli gate0 aUnified approach to topological quantum computation with anyons  c2011/7/260 v843 aTopological quantum computation may provide a robust approach for encoding and manipulating information utilizing the topological properties of anyonic quasi-particle excitations. We develop an efficient means to map between dense and sparse representations of quantum information (qubits) and a simple construction of multi-qubit gates, for all anyon models from Chern-Simons-Witten SU(2)$_k$ theory that support universal quantum computation by braiding ($k\geq 3,\ k \neq 4$). In the process, we show how the constructions of topological quantum memory and gates for $k=2,4$ connect naturally to those for $k\geq 3,\ k \neq 4$, unifying these concepts in a simple framework. Furthermore, we illustrate potential extensions of these ideas to other anyon models outside of Chern-Simons-Witten field theory. 1 aXu, Haitan1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1001.4085v201401nas a2200217 4500008004100000245005600041210005600097260001300153490000800166520081300174100002100987700001801008700001901026700001401045700002101059700001901080700001401099700001501113700001801128856003701146 2010 eng d00aDynamic Nuclear Polarization in Double Quantum Dots0 aDynamic Nuclear Polarization in Double Quantum Dots c2010/6/40 v1043 aWe theoretically investigate the controlled dynamic polarization of lattice nuclear spins in GaAs double quantum dots containing two electrons. Three regimes of long-term dynamics are identified, including the build up of a large difference in the Overhauser fields across the dots, the saturation of the nuclear polarization process associated with formation of so-called "dark states," and the elimination of the difference field. We show that in the case of unequal dots, build up of difference fields generally accompanies the nuclear polarization process, whereas for nearly identical dots, build up of difference fields competes with polarization saturation in dark states. The elimination of the difference field does not, in general, correspond to a stable steady state of the polarization process. 1 aGullans, Michael1 aKrich, J., J.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aBluhm, H.1 aHalperin, B., I.1 aMarcus, C., M.1 aStopa, M.1 aYacoby, A.1 aLukin, M., D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1003.4508v201409nas a2200193 4500008004100000245006800041210006800109260001400177490000800191520083700199100001701036700002501053700001601078700002001094700002201114700001901136700002301155856003701178 2008 eng d00aCoherence of an optically illuminated single nuclear spin qubit0 aCoherence of an optically illuminated single nuclear spin qubit c2008/2/190 v1003 aWe investigate the coherence properties of individual nuclear spin quantum bits in diamond [Dutt et al., Science, 316, 1312 (2007)] when a proximal electronic spin associated with a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is being interrogated by optical radiation. The resulting nuclear spin dynamics are governed by time-dependent hyperfine interaction associated with rapid electronic transitions, which can be described by a spin-fluctuator model. We show that due to a process analogous to motional averaging in nuclear magnetic resonance, the nuclear spin coherence can be preserved after a large number of optical excitation cycles. Our theoretical analysis is in good agreement with experimental results. It indicates a novel approach that could potentially isolate the nuclear spin system completely from the electronic environment. 1 aJiang, Liang1 aDutt, M., V. Gurudev1 aTogan, Emre1 aChildress, Lily1 aCappellaro, Paola1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aLukin, Mikhail, D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/0707.1341v201250nas a2200229 4500008004100000245006800041210006700109260001400176300001400190490000600204520061800210100001900828700001900847700001800866700001400884700001500898700001900913700001500932700001800947700001800965856003700983 2008 eng d00aHigh-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution0 aHighsensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution c2008/9/14 a810 - 8160 v43 aWe present a novel approach to the detection of weak magnetic fields that takes advantage of recently developed techniques for the coherent control of solid-state electron spin quantum bits. Specifically, we investigate a magnetic sensor based on Nitrogen-Vacancy centers in room-temperature diamond. We discuss two important applications of this technique: a nanoscale magnetometer that could potentially detect precession of single nuclear spins and an optical magnetic field imager combining spatial resolution ranging from micrometers to millimeters with a sensitivity approaching few femtotesla/Hz$^{1/2}$. 1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aCappellaro, P.1 aChildress, L.1 aJiang, L.1 aBudker, D.1 aHemmer, P., R.1 aYacoby, A.1 aWalsworth, R.1 aLukin, M., D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/0805.1367v100962nas a2200133 4500008004100000245005100041210005100092260001500143490000700158520059100165100001900756700001600775856003700791 2008 eng d00aWigner crystals of ions as quantum hard drives0 aWigner crystals of ions as quantum hard drives c2008/12/180 v783 aAtomic systems in regular lattices are intriguing systems for implementing ideas in quantum simulation and information processing. Focusing on laser cooled ions forming Wigner crystals in Penning traps, we find a robust and simple approach to engineering non-trivial 2-body interactions sufficient for universal quantum computation. We then consider extensions of our approach to the fast generation of large cluster states, and a non-local architecture using an asymmetric entanglement generation procedure between a Penning trap system and well-established linear Paul trap designs. 1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aCalarco, T. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1951v101388nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260001300202490000700215520092500222100001401147700001901161700001801180856004401198 2007 eng d00aA fast and robust approach to long-distance quantum communication with atomic ensembles0 afast and robust approach to longdistance quantum communication w c2007/7/20 v763 aQuantum repeaters create long-distance entanglement between quantum systems while overcoming difficulties such as the attenuation of single photons in a fiber. Recently, an implementation of a repeater protocol based on single qubits in atomic ensembles and linear optics has been proposed [Nature 414, 413 (2001)]. Motivated by rapid experimental progress towards implementing that protocol, here we develop a more efficient scheme compatible with active purification of arbitrary errors. Using similar resources as the earlier protocol, our approach intrinsically purifies leakage out of the logical subspace and all errors within the logical subspace, leading to greatly improved performance in the presence of experimental inefficiencies. Our analysis indicates that our scheme could generate approximately one pair per 3 minutes over 1280 km distance with fidelity (F>78%) sufficient to violate Bell's inequality. 1 aJiang, L.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aLukin, M., D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0609236v300956nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006300041210006100104260001500165520061000180100001900790856003700809 2007 eng d00aA quantum dot implementation of the quantum NAND algorithm0 aquantum dot implementation of the quantum NAND algorithm c2007/08/103 aWe propose a physical implementation of the quantum NAND tree evaluation algorithm. Our approach, based on continuous time quantum walks, uses the wave interference of a single electron in a heirarchical set of tunnel coupled quantum dots. We find that the query complexity of the NAND tree evaluation does not suffer strongly from disorder and dephasing, nor is it directly limited by temperature or restricted dimensionality for 2-d structures. Finally, we suggest a potential application of this algorithm to the efficient determination of high-order correlation functions of complex quantum systems. 1 aTaylor, J., M. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/0708.1484v101375nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129260001400198490000700212520082100219100001901040700001801059700002001077700001501097700001901112700001801131856004401149 2007 eng d00aRelaxation, dephasing, and quantum control of electron spins in double quantum dots0 aRelaxation dephasing and quantum control of electron spins in do c2007/7/130 v763 aRecent experiments have demonstrated quantum manipulation of two-electron spin states in double quantum dots using electrically controlled exchange interactions. Here, we present a detailed theory for electron spin dynamics in two-electron double dot systems that was used to guide these experiments and analyze experimental results. The theory treats both charge and spin degrees of freedom on an equal basis. Specifically, we analyze the relaxation and dephasing mechanisms that are relevant to experiments and discuss practical approaches for quantum control of two-electron system. We show that both charge and spin dephasing play important roles in the dynamics of the two-spin system, but neither represents a fundamental limit for electrical control of spin degrees of freedom in semiconductor quantum bits. 1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aPetta, J., R.1 aJohnson, A., C.1 aYacoby, A.1 aMarcus, C., M.1 aLukin, M., D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0602470v200966nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260001500195520055300210100001900763700001800782856004400800 2006 eng d00aCavity quantum electrodynamics with semiconductor double-dot molecules on a chip0 aCavity quantum electrodynamics with semiconductor doubledot mole c2006/05/053 aWe describe a coherent control technique for coupling electron spin states associated with semiconductor double-dot molecule to a microwave stripline resonator on a chip. We identify a novel regime of operation in which strong interaction between a molecule and a resonator can be achieved with minimal decoherence, reaching the so-called strong coupling regime of cavity QED. We describe potential applications of such a system, including low-noise coherent electrical control, fast QND measurements of spin states, and long-range spin coupling. 1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aLukin, M., D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0605144v101138nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117260001400186490000700200520065300207100001800860700001900878700002100897700001800918856004400936 2006 eng d00aFault-tolerant Quantum Communication with Minimal Physical Requirements0 aFaulttolerant Quantum Communication with Minimal Physical Requir c2006/2/230 v963 aWe describe a novel protocol for a quantum repeater which enables long distance quantum communication through realistic, lossy photonic channels. Contrary to previous proposals, our protocol incorporates active purification of arbitrary errors at each step of the protocol using only two qubits at each repeater station. Because of these minimal physical requirements, the present protocol can be realized in simple physical systems such as solid-state single photon emitters. As an example, we show how nitrogen vacancy color centers in diamond can be used to implement the protocol, using the nuclear and electronic spin to form the two qubits. 1 aChildress, L.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aSorensen, A., S.1 aLukin, M., D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0410123v301484nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260001500181520108500196100001901281700001801300856004401318 2005 eng d00aDephasing of quantum bits by a quasi-static mesoscopic environment0 aDephasing of quantum bits by a quasistatic mesoscopic environmen c2005/12/073 aWe examine coherent processes in a two-state quantum system that is strongly coupled to a mesoscopic spin bath and weakly coupled to other environmental degrees of freedom. Our analysis is specifically aimed at understanding the quantum dynamics of solid-state quantum bits such as electron spins in semiconductor structures and superconducting islands. The role of mesoscopic degrees of freedom with long correlation times (local degrees of freedom such as nuclear spins and charge traps) in qubit-related dephasing is discussed in terms of a quasi-static bath. A mathemat- ical framework simultaneously describing coupling to the slow mesoscopic bath and a Markovian environment is developed and the dephasing and decoherence properties of the total system are investigated. The model is applied to several specific examples with direct relevance to current ex- periments. Comparisons to experiments suggests that such quasi-static degrees of freedom play an important role in current qubit implementations. Several methods of mitigating the bath-induced error are considered. 1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aLukin, M., D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0512059v201771nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260001500232490000700247520123500254100002201489700001901511700002101530700001801551856004401569 2005 eng d00aFault-tolerant quantum repeaters with minimal physical resources, and implementations based on single photon emitters0 aFaulttolerant quantum repeaters with minimal physical resources  c2005/11/280 v723 aWe analyze a novel method that uses fixed, minimal physical resources to achieve generation and nested purification of quantum entanglement for quantum communication over arbitrarily long distances, and discuss its implementation using realistic photon emitters and photonic channels. In this method, we use single photon emitters with two internal degrees of freedom formed by an electron spin and a nuclear spin to build intermediate nodes in a quantum channel. State-selective fluorescence is used for probabilistic entanglement generation between electron spins in adjacent nodes. We analyze in detail several approaches which are applicable to realistic, homogeneously broadened single photon emitters. Furthermore, the coupled electron and nuclear spins can be used to efficiently implement entanglement swapping and purification. We show that these techniques can be combined to generate high-fidelity entanglement over arbitrarily long distances. We present a specific protocol that functions in polynomial time and tolerates percent-level errors in entanglement fidelity and local operations. The scheme has the lowest requirements on physical resources of any current scheme for fully fault-tolerant quantum repeaters. 1 aChildress, L., I.1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aSorensen, A., S.1 aLukin, M., D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0502112v101053nas a2200181 4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260001400184490000700198520052300205100001900728700001300747700001500760700001500775700001900790700001800809856004400827 2005 eng d00aSolid-state circuit for spin entanglement generation and purification0 aSolidstate circuit for spin entanglement generation and purifica c2005/6/150 v943 aWe show how realistic charge manipulation and measurement techniques, combined with the exchange interaction, allow for the robust generation and purification of four-particle spin entangled states in electrically controlled semiconductor quantum dots. The generated states are immunized to the dominant sources of noise via a dynamical decoherence-free subspace; all additional errors are corrected by a purification protocol. This approach may find application in quantum computation, communication, and metrology. 1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aDür, W.1 aZoller, P.1 aYacoby, A.1 aMarcus, C., M.1 aLukin, M., D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0503255v201230nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119260001500188520065600203100001900859700001500878700001500893700001600908700001800924700001500942700001800957700001700975856004400992 2004 eng d00aQuantum information processing using localized ensembles of nuclear spins0 aQuantum information processing using localized ensembles of nucl c2004/07/233 aWe describe a technique for quantum information processing based on localized en sembles of nuclear spins. A qubit is identified as the presence or absence of a collective excitation of a mesoscopic ensemble of nuclear spins surrounding a single quantum dot. All single and two-qubit operations can be effected using hyperfine interactions and single-electron spin rotations, hence the proposed scheme avoids gate errors arising from entanglement between spin and orbital degrees of freedom. Ultra-long coherence times of nuclear spins suggest that this scheme could be particularly well suited for applications where long lived memory is essential. 1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aGiedke, G.1 aChrist, H.1 aParedes, B.1 aCirac, J., I.1 aZoller, P.1 aLukin, M., D.1 aImamoglu, A. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0407640v201129nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260001500184490000700199520067900206100001900885700001700904700001800921856004400939 2003 eng d00aControlling a mesoscopic spin environment by quantum bit manipulation0 aControlling a mesoscopic spin environment by quantum bit manipul c2003/12/100 v913 aWe present a unified description of cooling and manipulation of a mesoscopic bath of nuclear spins via coupling to a single quantum system of electronic spin (quantum bit). We show that a bath cooled by the quantum bit rapidly saturates. Although the resulting saturated states of the spin bath (``dark states'') generally have low degrees of polarization and purity, their symmetry properties make them a valuable resource for the coherent manipulation of quantum bits. Specifically, we demonstrate that the dark states of nuclear ensembles can be used to coherently control the system-bath interaction and to provide a robust, long-lived quantum memory for qubit states. 1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aImamoglu, A.1 aLukin, M., D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0308459v101085nas a2200145 4500008004100000245005000041210004900091260001400140490000700154520067800161100001900839700001900858700001800877856004400895 2003 eng d00aLong-lived memory for mesoscopic quantum bits0 aLonglived memory for mesoscopic quantum bits c2003/5/200 v903 aWe describe a technique to create long-lived quantum memory for quantum bits in mesoscopic systems. Specifically we show that electronic spin coherence can be reversibly mapped onto the collective state of the surrounding nuclei. The coherent transfer can be efficient and fast and it can be used, when combined with standard resonance techniques, to reversibly store coherent superpositions on the time scale of seconds. This method can also allow for ``engineering'' entangled states of nuclear ensembles and efficiently manipulating the stored states. We investigate the feasibility of this method through a detailed analysis of the coherence properties of the system. 1 aTaylor, J., M.1 aMarcus, C., M.1 aLukin, M., D. uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0301323v1