



01946nas a2200157   4500008004100000245006600041210006600107260001300173490000600186520147300192100002401665700002101689700002301710700001801733856003701751       2020                        eng d00aQuantum Algorithms for Simulating the Lattice Schwinger Model0 aQuantum Algorithms for Simulating the Lattice Schwinger Model  c8/5/20200 v43 a<p>The Schwinger model (quantum electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions) is a testbed for the study of quantum gauge field theories. We give scalable, explicit digital quantum algorithms to simulate the lattice Schwinger model in both NISQ and fault-tolerant settings. In particular, we perform a tight analysis of low-order Trotter formula simulations of the Schwinger model, using recently derived commutator bounds, and give upper bounds on the resources needed for simulations in both scenarios. In lattice units, we find a Schwinger model on N/2 physical sites with coupling constant x&minus;1/2 and electric field cutoff x&minus;1/2Λ can be simulated on a quantum computer for time 2xT using a number of T-gates or CNOTs in O&tilde;(N3/2T3/2x&minus;&minus;&radic;Λ) for fixed operator error. This scaling with the truncation Λ is better than that expected from algorithms such as qubitization or QDRIFT. Furthermore, we give scalable measurement schemes and algorithms to estimate observables which we cost in both the NISQ and fault-tolerant settings by assuming a simple target observable---the mean pair density. Finally, we bound the root-mean-square error in estimating this observable via simulation as a function of the diamond distance between the ideal and actual CNOT channels. This work provides a rigorous analysis of simulating the Schwinger model, while also providing benchmarks against which subsequent simulation algorithms can be tested.&nbsp;</p>1 aShaw, Alexander, F.1 aLougovski, Pavel1 aStryker, Jesse, R.1 aWiebe, Nathan  uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2002.11146