



01518nas a2200169   4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260001300182520098500195100001901180700002501199700002201224700002101246700001601267700002801283856003701311       2023                        eng d00aNoncommuting conserved charges in quantum thermodynamics and beyond0 aNoncommuting conserved charges in quantum thermodynamics and bey  c9/7/20233 a<p>Thermodynamic systems typically conserve quantities (&quot;charges&quot;) such as energy and particle number. The charges are often assumed implicitly to commute with each other. Yet quantum phenomena such as uncertainty relations rely on observables&#39; failure to commute. How do noncommuting charges affect thermodynamic phenomena? This question, upon arising at the intersection of quantum information theory and thermodynamics, spread recently across many-body physics. Charges&#39; noncommutation has been found to invalidate derivations of the thermal state&#39;s form, decrease entropy production, conflict with the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, and more. This Perspective surveys key results in, opportunities for, and work adjacent to the quantum thermodynamics of noncommuting charges. Open problems include a conceptual puzzle: Evidence suggests that noncommuting charges may hinder thermalization in some ways while enhancing thermalization in others.</p>1 aMajidy, Shayan1 aBraasch, William, F.1 aLasek, Aleksander1 aUpadhyaya, Twesh1 aKalev, Amir1 aHalpern, Nicole, Yunger  uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2306.00054